On Time Property Inherent in Characters 2003-2005

 

On Time Property Inherent in Characters
2003-2005

TANAKA Akio

Here I will try to consider on the generation and the function of characters that have been used in Chinese which is classified to isolating language in linguistic typology.
Concerning the early forms of characters, we can verify them by the ancient inscriptions on bone and tortoiseshell that were discovered at /Yinxu/ and so forth. At the first stage that is usually classified to five on the inscriptions, they already displayed the inceptive completion, from where it is very difficult to speculate the beginning shapes of characters. On vocabulary and syntax, inscriptions displayed the almost same inceptive completion. Here what is inceptive completion is meant that comprehension or speculation is practicable by the usage of modern Chinese. Therefore the generation and the function of characters are subsidiary after the inscriptions. On the situation of forming the inscriptions namely explanation to decipher inscriptions, many researches are accumulated. Here, in these researches, I proceed with consideration claiming the works of after 1990 in main.

1
Generation of characters
When we see the inscription of character /yu/ that means bringing up in English, it is impossible to doubt that this inscription shows the situation of childbirth time by woman. In this inscription the situation of childbirth is shown by three stages. First there is a figure in which woman is going to give birth to a baby crossing both arms at the front of her chest. She takes a bent-forward posture, sticks her buttocks out and bend her knees gently. Second the situation of what the waters break is shown by the signs similar to dotted lines. Third at central or under part of the waters, a new born baby is shown in the shape of baby's head inverted. Through three factors illustrated in the inscription, character /yu/ is clearly expressed the situation of childbirth time and the immediately after the birth time.
When we see the inscription of character /yan/ that means language or speak in English, the form of the inscription is simplified or transformed considerably at the first stage of classification on inscriptions. So the explanation to decipher inscriptions is developed variously. Here I will show one interpretation including the result of Chinese archeology in recent years. A form of character /yan/ is able to see the three parts that are upper, middle and under. According to the result of Chinese archeology, the upper part is regarded as the tongue's point of a bronze bell used at meeting in /Yin/ period. The central part of character /yan/ is the body of a tongue. The under part of character /yan/ is regarded to be the outside of a bell. In /Yin/ period, at the time to let the meeting begin, the bronze-like bell was ringed loudly to let the people connected to know. When the meeting was opened, the bell was inferred to put up side down on a table. That is to say, the main body of a bell is inferred to be putted up side down and the tongue of a bell is inferred to be putted upward on the form of bell's setting. This setting of a bell is shaped regarded to become the character's form of inscription of on bone and tortoiseshell. According to this interpretation of the inscription, /yan/ can be said to show the situation of post-notification of a meeting in /Yin/ period.
Therefore the figuration of the reversed bell was regarded to become the inscription of character /yan/.
When we see the inscription of character /geng/ that means to cross in English, we comprehend that the inscription shows the two parallel lines in which a bow pattern is included. WANG Guowei†0 regarded that this inscription is as same as the character /heng/ that means permanent or lasting in English. Now I follow his interpretation. He wrote in his paper that two up-and-down lines are both banks of a river and inner bow shaped figure is a ship which goes and returns between the banks†1. According to this interpretation, /geng/ or /heng/ shows the operations of crossing a river, that operations are permanently repeated in an identical space†1.
From the inscriptions of three characters of /yu/, /yan/ and /geng/, now we can induce or infer the following.
First, Inscriptions which are original shapes of characters, in some cases, have a proceeding time in characters themselves. That is to say, as for character /yu/, that means the time of childbirth, from beginning to end. As for character /yan/, that means the time of meeting, from announcement to being open. As for character /heng/, that means the proceeding time of crossing the river by ferry.
Second, on the inscriptions, several aspects of the various phenomena which occur on the proceeding time in characters are sometimes shown by the images or implications. As for character /yu/, remarkable aspects' figures are bending mother's body, amniotic fluid and new born baby†2. As for character /yan/, the one remarkable is the bell which is set in the upside down condition, which means the announcement of meeting which was already opened a few minutes ago. The other remarkable is the same bell which is set on the table in the upside down condition, which means the meeting is now going†3. As for character /heng/, remarkable aspects are both banks and a ferry boat.
Third, on the inscriptions, several aspects, which are shown by the remarkable figures, transmit the messages. As for character /yu/, babybirth from mother's body, the situation of birth time and new baby appeared in this world are transmitted simultaneously by the one character /yu/. As for character /yan/, transmitting is announcement of meeting, opening of meeting and contents of being discussed by the meeting. As for character /heng/, work of crossing the river, reach the opposite bank of the river and repetitions of these works, namely, constancy are transmitted for the information.
Therefore from the induction or inference on the generation of character's meaning above mentioned, the following function of characters is led for us.

2
Function of characters
First, the time-proceeding aspect being inhered in every character has the strong tendency toward the most distinctive information of the real world. As for character /yu/, while woman is giving birth to a baby, the most distinctive information is the figure of mother's body bending, and after birth, the existence of a new baby becomes the most distinctive information†2. The various grammatical functions of one character are generated from the time proceeding and successive phenomena of distinctive aspects in the real world.
As for character /yu/, at the birth time, verbal aspect of giving birth is emphasized, but after birth nounal aspect of a new born baby oneself is emphasized. As for character /yan/, before the meeting verbal aspect of telling the opening is the most important thing, but while being opened or after the meeting the nounal aspect of speaking content of the meeting is the most valuable thing†3.
Second, when two or over two characters are connected, every character wants to emphasizes selecting one distinctive aspect inherent in oneself, and want to connect to the other character or characters. Because if two or over two aspects is transmitted, there will appear the non-clearness in the information. As for character /yu/, connection with character /sheng/ (which means grow in English), namely /sheng yu/, in this situation /yu/ means give birth to in English. Connection with /cai/ (which means a person of talent in English), namely /yu cai/, in this situation /yu/ means educate in English. That is to say, character /yu/ has two phases of meanings. One is concerned with the situation of child-birth of mother's body. The other is concerned with the situation of a person that is already growing.
Third, every character has several aspects of inherent time inclination. When there is a connection of two characters, each character has the choosing operation from the several meanings in the character. Two or over two characters generate a new meaning complex by the operations of choosing the most precedent meaning in the each. This complex can maintain the new clearness of information on the connection of characters which have many branches of meanings in total.
For example, from above mentioned characters /yu/, /yan/ and /heng/, when two characters /heng/ and /yan/ are connected to one word /heng yan/, /heng/ chooses the meaning constant in English and /yan/ chooses the meaning utterance in English. New meaning complex is the expression by the stable person. This /heng yan/ appears in the Chinese classic Mengzi by the complex meaning.
Then, when every individual character does selectivity of aspects, what functions does work in the characters? On the other hand, when two or over two characters connect by the choosing the most precedent meaning respectively, what functions does work out of the characters?

3
Self selectivity of function on character
Now I examine the situation of what two or over two characters connect and generate the new aspect complex. For instance, I adopt above mentioned characters connection word /heng yan/.
In the first place, /yan heng/, which is a reverse disposition of /heng yan/, is examined. This characters disposition is not notified as the one word generally in the Chinese. This characters set is usually recognized as a sentence. The meaning is <The utterance is eternal.> in English. That is to say, this characters set does not generate new aspect complex and two aspects of every individual character form in a line. Why this divergence, namely generating word or sentence, occurs in the characters disposition?
Here I infer that< time property inherent in characters> is worked. Detailed inference is mentioned below.
On <time inherent in characters>, time has various longitudes, from short to long. As the case stands that two times in two characters touch in succession and the former character' time is longer than the latter character' time, these two characters connect tightly and generate a new aspect complex. But on the reverse situation, that is to say, the former character has shorter time than the latter character, these two characters have the difficulty to generate a new aspect complex, every individual character has a tendency to stand alone each other.
As for characters connection /heng yan/, character /heng/ has <an eternally long time> inherent, on the other hand, character /yan/ has <a temporary short time>. Like this connection of characters that the former is long time inherent and the latter is short time inherent, a new aspect complex is generated in principle.
Therefore characters /heng yan/ become one word and characters /yan heng/ become one sentence which is constituted from the two characters.
That is to say, on Chinese language that is classified to isolating language in linguistic typology, for there are no phenomena of declension, the main them of the grammatical functions is the break of words, namely characters, and the selection of parts of speech.
On the decision of grammatical functions, now I institute two conceptions for language. One is <time inherent in characters>. The other is <self selectivity of aspects on the combination of characters>.
<Time inherent in characters> is above mentioned. <Self selectivity of aspects> is also above mentioned. Say over again, when time inherent in the successive character is shorter than the former character's, two characters are composed and become one word. But the latter is longer than the former; two characters are not composed and become one sentence.
As a result, there become two divergences. One is the generation of a new aspect complex. The other is succession of two individual aspects. The former become a word. The latter become a sentence.
This distinction leads a new view for the generation of lexis and the structure of syntax. Time inherent in characters is examined by the property of characters, especially by the inscriptions on bone and tortoiseshell in ancient China. Therefore <self selectivity of aspects on the combination of characters> is a hypothesis in the present stages.

4
Time principle on language
Generally, recognition of word or structure of meaning on word, which is estimated one of the most important themes on linguistics, is extremely difficult to examine for long time. For the examination of the theme, now I chose the inscriptions on ancient China. These inscriptions are the most effective materials for analyzing the structure of meaning on language. Then, one of the most effective means is to verify <Time inherent in characters> and <Self selectivity of aspects on the combination of characters>. Now I collectively call these two factors as <Time principle on language>.

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Hakuba March 28, 2003
Written by Japanese
Original Edition
Tokyo January 3, 2005
Translated into English
Standard Edition
Sekinan Research Field of Languagewww.sekinan.org

............................................................................................................

[Postscript June 23, 2008]
†0<WANG Guowei>
Sekinan Research Field of Language / 5 WANG Guowei / Tokyo November 8, 2004
For WANG Guowei
†1<Period>
Stochastic Meaning Theory / June 22, 2008
†2<Multi-time>
Clifford Algebra / Note 5 / TOMONAGA's Super Multi-Time Theory / Tokyo January 25, 2008
†3<Time flow>
Time Theory / Tokyo December 25, 2004
Language and spacetime / Time Flow in Word / Tokyo May 3, 2007
<More details on the theme>
Invitation by Theme-Time / Tokyo January 6, 2008

[Postscript July 11. 2008]
Solid Trace Theory / Solid Trace / Tokyo April 19, 2006
For Authentication of Solidity / Tokyo November 6, 2005

[Postscript December 23, 2008]
Energy Distance Theory / Conjecture 2 / Geometry of Word / Tokyo November 23, 2008
Complex Manifold Deformation Theory / Conjecture 5 / Time of Word / sekinan.wiki.zoho.com Afar Hakuba Range28 August 2003

Manuscript of Quantum Theory for Language Newly revised edition with Note, Note 2 and Note 3. 2003-2019. Translated by Google translate 2020

 

Manuscript of Quantum Theory for Language Newly revised edition with Note, Note 2 and Note 3. 2003-2019
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Manuscript of Quantum Theory for Language
Contents
Preface
1 Quantization of language
2 Appearance and disappearance of quantum
3 Conjugation and class of quantum
4 Encoding of quantum and assembled quanta
5 Progress and class of quantum groups
6 Basic principle of quantum theory
Note
Note 2
​Note 3
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Manuscript of Quantum Theory for Language
TANAKA Akio
Preface
The "Quantum Theory of Language" shown below is a draft of the Quantum Theory for Language written in English, and was written in March 2003 at the Hakuba Alps Hotel in Hakuba, Nagano Prefecture. This is the first time to announce. What I haven't published so far is that this draft was written in a very empty room in a hotel room in a very short period of time, which makes it very intuitive and different from the usual discussion. This was because it was quite radical for me. Moreover, the discussion ends halfway and remains unfinished. In the Quantum Theory for Language, which was written based on this draft for presentation at a symposium in December 2003, the essence of the discussion is almost consistent, but the memory that made the expression more gentle is still clear. And remains. However, when I read back this draft now, the intuition and sharpness that I was worried about in 2003 were still deeply rooted in the essence of my linguistic theory, and it was a mathematical mathematics of the language that lasted almost 10 years. Looking back at the description, I've reconfirmed that some of the most important subjects I'm still writing about are almost entirely in this draft. Quantization of language, appearance and disappearance of quantum, junction and hierarchy of quantum, quantum aggregate, progression and hierarchy of quantum group, positive quantum and negative quantum, meaning and energy of quantum. Both remain unknown and fascinating to me. In the future, I will return to the position of this draft again and spin my thoughts again. In old age, the essence precedes the form, and I will describe what I want to express the most in a way that suits me. Unless some time is still left. The phrase taught by my teacher when I was 20 years old is still alive. Izayukan To the place where you fall into Yukimi.
Recorded in Tokyo on March 23, 2015.
Tokyo
23 March 2015
Sekinan Library———————————————————————————————————————
Quantum Theory of Language
0 Introduction　
Chinese, which is the main language in China, has a history of over 2000 written or written languages.
The "rongo", which represents Chinese classics, is a textual material left over in the modern era, but at the same time, it is said to strongly include the oral language at the time of the compilation of the book. (Kojiro Yoshikawa, 1967)
Here, we try to analyze the language that is related to both the written language (text) and the verbal language (white talk), mainly based on the example sentences of "rongo".
In
　Chinese, a so-called Chinese language that is classified as an isolated word in the quantized language typology of one language , in principle, one syllable has one meaning and one character, that is, a Chinese character.
　Although syllables may form new meanings in succession, each syllable always possesses its own independent meaning and character without modification, thereby essentially modifying the underlying language rules of Chinese Without having been held through a long historical period.
　It is assumed that the grammatical functions of the Chinese language are formed by the sequence of words one by one, that is, the word order, without making any pronunciation or changing the outer shape of the characters, but the word order, that is, the internal principle of the syntactic system is still sufficient. It cannot be said that the elucidation was seen.
　In this paper, we use "words", which are said to include both language and white talk, for the language model of Chinese language, and analyze the language rules inherent in Chinese language and thus the language structure inherent in general language mainly by the approach of literary theory. Is what you are trying to do.
　Traditionally, the syntax of Chinese has been divided into two categories, real and false. It is said that an actual word possesses a substantial meaning, while an expletive is used to complement the meaning possessed by an actual word.
　For example, in the first section of "Rongo," "Gakujitsu Jikiyuki, Fuyu Theory" (Example 1), "Gaku", "Time", "Xi", "Yu" and "Theory" are generally It is a real word, and "ji", "im", and "乎" are false words.
　Here, it is assumed that each Kanji character having one meaning is a language quantum having one meaning unit and is the minimum unit of the language.
　What has traditionally been affixed is supposed to have one unit of positive quantum as a language quantum. What has been assumed to be an idiom usually has one unit of negative quantum. One positive quantum is written as ℓ +, and one negative quantum is written as ℓ−.
　The one-positive quantum has kinetic propulsion energy and has a force to move the quantum forward. The one-negative quantum has kinetic absorption energy, and has a force of absorbing and stopping or changing the motion of the quantum. The one-positive quantum stops or changes its own motion by joining to the one-negative quantum.
　According to sentence example 1, "Gakuji Jiki, Yuki no Yuki", "Gaku" has its movement changed by "Phy", and "theory" has been changed by "No", "Yuki", and "Kyo". The movement has been changed and finally stopped.
　The kinetic energy of positive quanta is usually always progressive and does not stop its motion until it joins a negative quantum.
　The kinetic absorption energy of the negative quantum usually has functions such as "temporary stop", "direction change", and "stop".
　According to the example sentence 1, "" is "temporary stop", "" and "" are "direction change", and "" is functioning as "stop".
　Taken together, quanta are the smallest units of language that have meaning and energy.
2. Appearance and disappearance of
　quanta Quantum appears when a new meaning is requested to appear in the language world. Requests are made when it is necessary to add new meaning to the language world. The relationship between utterances and letters in a language is generally preceded by utterances, but in languages ​​such as Chinese where one syllable has one meaning, the letters that appear later are imaginary along with utterance actions. It may be possible to assume that it was requested as a form. That is, one meaning requires one specific identification form. This act is natural as a human act.
　Language quantum emerges to add new meaning to the language world. The energy of the quantum is to add the new meaning to the language world, and is inseparably combined with the new meaning.
　Quantum disappears when its meaning is no longer needed in the language world. In sentence example 1, "non" originally meant "hanameshibenokobo", but its meaning as an actual word disappears quickly, and it is only an imaginary word that means "cancel" and it functions in the language world. It was
　As indicated by this "im", the actual and the exaggerated words are not clearly distinguished in Chinese, and they have been constantly interchanging and translating. That is, as described above, the quantum originally appeared to give a new meaning to the language world.
Initially a positive quantum, which ended its role of giving meaning to the language world, also disappeared its kinetic energy. However, the traces that the linguistic world was constructed and modified by the kinetic energy of other quanta continue to be subject to motion or pressure from other quanta, and negative energies are given as quanta that accept motion, and they remain in the linguistic world. Suppose there is something to do. In this way, negative quanta appear.
Since the appeared negative quantum has negative energy, it absorbs the energy of the positive quantum and stops or changes its motion.
3 Quantum Junction and Hierarchy
　Two or more quanta form a new structure by joining each other.
　According to sentence example 1, "Gakujitsu Jiyuki, Innocent Theory," the quantum junction is as follows.
　<ℓ + ℓ− ℓ + ℓ + ℓ + ℓ− ℓ− ℓ + ℓ−>
　Here, the positive quantum moves the meaning to the next quantum. Negative quanta absorb the kinetic energy of the previous quantum, stopping or changing it.
　It is clear that "ji" and "乎" act as negative quanta, which act as a function to "stop" the structure or sentence, but the two negative quanta of "im" and "亦" are Suppose it is functioning as a "change" of.
　According to the traditional grammar, "non" and "rear" complement the meaning of "theory", but in this quantum theory, the back quantum receives the energy of the front quantum, so in the conventional explanation It cannot be processed.
　Here, "change" means to change the direction of motion of the previous quantum. Thus, the movement of one positive quantum is transferred to another orbit. That is, positive quanta move on one orbit, while some "altered" negative quanta move that orbit to another, creating a new semantic structure.
　The orbit is, as a model, supposed to be a multi-storey high-rise building. Move from the "learn and learn lessons" floor to another floor.
Here, "im" moves to the floor that denies "learn and learn the time", and "re" moves this "learn and learn the time" to a new possibility floor. The "乎" moves to a floor that questions this situation.
This series of situations is modeled and illustrated.
Manabu
　↓而習Noriyuki
　　　　　↓ non
　　　　　　　↓ Matasetsu
　　　　　　　　　　↓ question mark
famous passage from "Analects", "Aritomo own far come" (text example is illustrated as follows.
　Aritomo
　　　↓ self far come
codes of Quantum and Quantum aggregate A chemical
　quantum first appears as a positive, and its disappearance produces a negative.The negative quantum is a non-compressed quantum because it is meaningless in the group of positive quantum, and so to speak the semantic space that was once acquired as a positive quantum. is ready to continue to be compressed to a constant. Thus energy as extruded by the pump is stored in the negative quantization, it is assumed that the moving to a different hierarchy by modifying the trajectory of the positive quantum.
　Therefore, according to the quantum theory if all kanji Chinese, i.e. quantum having meaning and energy may be encoded as follows.
quantum / /
meaning ℓ
positive energy →
negative energy ↓
　example sentence 1 "Manabu而時 This, the encoding of non-also Setsu乎"is as follows.
/ ℓ ￫ /　
　　/ ℓ ￬ / / ℓ ￫ / / ℓ ￫ / / ℓ ￫ /
　　　　　　　　　　　/ ℓ ￬ /
　　　　　　　　　　　　 / ℓ ￬ / / ℓ ￫ /
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　/ ℓ ↓ /
Here, if / ℓ → / is represented by the number 1 and / ℓ ↓ / is represented by the number 0, then "Gakuji Tikinoyuki, Fuyusetsu" can be digitized as 101110010.
Therefore, it can be said that the sentence example, "Gakuji Jiyuki, Shigenori" is a structure of language quantum of [Progress 5, Layer 4]. This is described as [move5, class 4].
In the sentence example 2, "Ariho's far-distance" is
Ariho
　　↓ far-distance
, so it is encoded as
/ ℓ → / / ℓ → /　
　　　　/ ℓ ↓ / / ℓ → / / ℓ → // ℓ → /,
and It is digitized as
110111
. Its structure is [move5, class1].
Another example: Take a sentence example from "rongo".
"Three years without reform in Chichi-no-michi, so-called Takahori" (Sentence 3)
/ ℓ → / / ℓ → / / ℓ → / / ℓ → /
　　　　　　　　　　　/ ℓ ↓ / / ℓ → /
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　/ ℓ ↓ / / ℓ → /
/ ℓ ↓ / / ℓ → / / ℓ → /
/ ℓ ↓ /
111101010110 [move 8, class5]
5 Progress and hierarchy in 5 quantum groups
　The progress frequency in one hierarchy in the sentence which is a quantum group is seen.
In sentence example 1, it is 0.8 in 5/4. In sentence example 2, it is 5 times 5 times. In sentence example 3, it becomes 1.6 in 8/5.
Here, let us consider what kind of index the one-layer progress frequency is.
In the wording, the frequency of progression 1 is the ratio of the actual word 1 to the negative word 1 and can be considered to be the clearest sentence in which one meaning exists in one hierarchy.
Therefore, when the progress frequency is 1 or more, there are two or more meanings in one layer, and one meaning is defined in detail and a finer meaning is presented.
On the contrary, if the progress frequency is less than 1, one meaning is not presented in one layer, and the meaning is completed only by two or more layers, and a supplementary meaning surrounds one meaning. By adding the content, a more constructive meaning is established.
　Sentence example 1 has a frequency of 0.8 and is a sentence to which a supplementary meaning is added. Sentence example 2 is a sentence with a frequency of 5 and a fine meaning. Sentence 3 is 1.6 degrees, and is a sentence to which almost standard or slightly fine rules are added.
6 Basic Principles of
　Quantum Theory Quantum theory is based on the fact that positive quanta, which are traditionally real, proceed in one layer. Therefore, in a certain quantum group, that is, a sentence, when a negative quantum stands at the beginning, it can be considered that the positive quantum or quantum group is omitted before it.
The fact that the negative quantum gives a change in the traveling direction of the positive quantum and shifts to a new hierarchy depends on the compressed energy received by the negative quantum, but more accurately, it can be explained as follows.
In general, "ya", which is generally regarded as an affirmative mnemonic, is unclear in its modern meaning, and it can be considered that it has almost disappeared as a positive quantum. Instead, the negative function as a negative quantum has emerged to the present day, but if the function is subdivided, it is extremely diverse such as assertion, subject presentation, call, plea, question, and antonym.
For example, in "Kayaya Fool" ("Rongo" Tamasaizai Hen), the person "Kai" is denied in the mind of Confucius (changes the hierarchy) (and changes the hierarchy), and ( The hierarchy changes) "Orokamonokino" is presented. "The
hierarchy changes" means that the person "Ki" has been transformed from a real person by the appearance of "Ya" into a subject of consideration in Confucius's mind. It means that it is erased by "non", and that a new concept of "stupid" appears.
In other words, the negative quantum does not have a direct meaning to the language world that the positive quantum has, but by guiding the positive quantum to its own area, which is actually a blank, it is a kind of vacuum weightlessness. Suppose that the state is brought to the front and the direction is changed. It is assumed that the energy required for the conversion comes from the energy of the compression that the area is undergoing.　
7 Meaning of Negative Quantum The meaning of
　negative quanta is often much more subtle than the meaning of positive quanta, as is clear from the semantic classification of "ya" described above. How can we consider these meanings to have emerged?
　I assumed that the negative quantum disappears its function as a real word and has a kind of vacuum region, but once the meaning of assertion is established here, it depends on the meaning of the positive quantum that is joined to this "ya" from before. , The vacuum region becomes to show a constant reaction. For example, when a person's name such as "kai" is joined in front, "ya" will function as a subject presentation, which is a transformation of affirmative meaning function.
8 Negative quantum energy
　The energy of positive quanta has been given to add a new meaning to the language world, as described in "2 Quantum Appearance and Elimination", but here we will explain in detail the energy of negative quanta. .
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Note
22 December 2017
This manuscript was written at a hotel of Hakuba, Nagano, Japan in March 2003, where my family stayed for hot spring and ski. In autumn 2002, I thought of relationship between time and characters inspired by WANG Guowei's paper written on old Chinese character's studies, one of which he declared that character heng 亙 was imaged from a ship coming and going the banks.This character contained the notation of the continuous time of ship operation between the banks.
But if character contain the time going, character seemed to have any existence of inherent energy in it.
Note 2
29 June 201819 June 2019 SRFL Lab's Preparatory paper and Preparatory Paper 2 added.
Definition of quantum in this manuscript was intuitive while in my mind there was rather precise image that was not able to write by mathematical approach in the days of 2003.
Now the situation has been changed drastically through development of quantum group. Particularly from the Drinfeld's speech at the international mathematician conference in 1984.
I wrote the simple trial paper on quantum group in 2008.
Kac-Moody Lie Algebra Note 2 Quantum Group 2008
Papers related on the pre-thought on quantum group is seen at SRFL Lab.
SRFL Lab's Preparatory paper
Preparatory paper
1. Kac-Moody Lie Algebra Note 2 Quantum Group 2008
2. Symplectic Language Theory Note 6 Homological Mirror Symmetry Conjecture by KONTSEVICH​ 2009
​3. Floer Homology Language Note 7 Quantization of Language​ 2009
4. Floer Homology Language Note 8 Discreteness of Language​ 2009
5. Simplicial Space Language Composition of Word 2013
Preparatory Paper 2
1. Floer Homology Language
2. Homology Structure of Word
3. Quantization of Language
4. Discreteness of Language
5. Proto Arithmetic Geometry Language
6.Language, Word, Distance, Meaning and Meaning Minimum
Read more: https://srfl-lab.webnode.com/
Inherent energy in language has been become a little updated after writing in 2003. Now arranged at the next.
Energy
1. Potential of Language 2009
2. The days when I was thinking on Energy Distance Theory 2014
3. Preparation for the energy of language 2015——————————————————————————————————————–
Tokyo
26 May 2019
19 June 2019 Revised
SRFL Paper
Read more: https://srfl-paper.webnode.com/news/manuscript-of-quantum-theory-for-language-2003-2019-newly-revised-edition/
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Note 3
17 July 2019
SRFL Paper
Now I think this manuscript is a important datum of a new theory, Languagequantum theory.
I wrote a trial paper for the theory by the next.

1. Quantum Group Language

Also refer to the next preparatory papers for Languagequantum theory.

1. From Quantum Theory for Language to Languagequantum theory / 16 July 2019 Edition

1. What is signal? Total Edition / 21 November 2018-23 April 2019

1. What is signal? Contents / 24 April 2019

1. Language Comprised of Quantum / 2018

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Read more: https://srfl-paper.webnode.com/news/manuscript-of-quantum-theory-for-language-2003-2019-newly-revised-edition-with-note-3/

Time of WANG Guowei 2011

 

 

 Time of WANG Guowei 

TANAKA Akio

Loop Time of Character
Symmetry of Language

The papers on this site have been published by Sekinan Research Field of Language.

2011 by The Sekinan Research Field of Language

Time 2005

 

Time

For KARCEVSKIJ

TANAKA Akio

1 A different quantum has a different direction toward a centre of a coordinate system.

2 A different permutation of quanta makes a different linear locus.

3 A locus of quanta is a sentence.

4 A different locus guarantees a different sentence.

5 All quanta return to a centre of a coordinate system.

6 Quanta’s return to a centre is an end of a sentence.

7 A Quantum’s movement to a next quantum makes a time. It is called moving time.

8 A return of a permutation of quanta makes a time. It is called returning time.

9 A coordinate system makes a language world.

10 A coordinate system exists in the real world.

11 A centre of a coordinate system transfers in the real world.

12 Transference of a centre occurs for the relation between the language world and the real world.

13 When the real world changes the standard of the world, the language world changes the standard of the world.

14 For example, computer changes the concept of language. Nowadays language has two major meanings. One is natural language. The other is machine language. Two separation of language changes the standard of the real and language world.

15 Transference of a centre of a coordinate system makes a time. It is called transferring time.

16 Transference of a centre makes a new coordinate system.

17 Transference of a centre makes a new direction of a quantum toward a new centre.

18 New directions of a permutation of quanta make a new locus.

19 A new locus of quanta makes a new sentence.

20 All quanta return to a new centre of a new coordinate system.

21 A new quantum’s movement to a new next quantum makes a new time. It is called a new moving time.

22 A quantum has a combination of three times. They are moving time, returning time and transferring time.

23 A centre of a coordinate system is changeable.

24 A combination of times is changeable.

25 A sentence is changeable.

26 Language is changeable.

Tokyo January 22, 2005

For memories of CHINO, TSURUKAWA and Our Days of Youth

Sekinan Research Field of Language

www.sekinan.org

For Language and time / On immanent time in character / 2003

 

　　　　　　　　　　　　　       文字に内在する時間性について

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　田中章男

 

　　言語類型論で孤立語に分類されてきた漢語で使用される文字、すなわち漢字の生成と機能について、考察を試みる。

　漢字の初期の形態については、殷墟等で発見された甲骨文によって確認できるが、通常五期に区分される甲骨文の第１期において、甲骨文はすでに初期的な完成を示しており、漢字自体の原初的な形態を推測することは難しい。甲骨文を組み合わせた語彙および統辞についても、ほぼ初期的な完成を示している。ここで初期的な完成というのは、現代漢語による理解乃至推察が可能なことを意味する。　したがってここで述べる漢字の生成と機能は、甲骨文以降の副次的なものである。個々の甲骨文の字形形成の状況、すなわち解字的説明については、すでに多くの研究が蓄積されている。ここではそれらのうち、主に１９９０年代以降の業績を援用しながら、考察を進める。

 

一　漢字の生成

　漢字「育」の甲骨文を見ると、この字が、女性による出産時の状況を示していることは疑いえない。この甲骨文において、出産の状況は、３つの要素によって示される。第一に、両腕を胸前で交差させた女性が出産に臨む時の体形である。女性は前傾姿勢をとり、臀部を突き出し、膝をゆるやかに屈折している。第二に出産時に伴う破水の状況が、点線様の記号で示されている。第三に、この破水の中央部分か下部に新生児が頭部を下に向けて示されている。この甲骨文で図示された３要素によって、「育」の字が、女性による、出産時およびその直後の状況を示していることが明示される。

　漢字「言」の甲骨文を見ると、その字形がすでにその一期において、すでに相当程度の簡略化乃至は変形化を受けているために、これまでも解字的説明がさまざまに展開されたが、ここでは、中国考古学の成果を含めた近年の一解釈を示す。漢字「言」の形態は、その上部、中部および下部の三部分として、見ることが可能である。中国考古学の成果によれば、その上部は、殷の時代において、会議等の開催を示す、銅鐸様の鈴の内部につるされた鈴舌であるとされる。漢字「言」の中部は、鈴舌そのものを示す。漢字「言」の下部は、鈴の外部を示すものとされる。殷の時代においては、会議等の開催を知らせるときに、銅鐸様の鈴を打ち鳴らして関係者に知らせ、その会議の開催時には、その鈴をテーブルの上に逆さに置いたとされる。すなわち、形態的には鈴の本体が下に、鈴舌の部分が上になって置かれたとされる。これが「言」の字の甲骨文の字形となったとする。この解字によれば、「言」の甲骨文は、鈴による会議開催告示後の状況を示すものとすることができる。会議はことばによってなされる。したがって、逆さの鈴の象形化が、「言」の甲骨文となった。

　漢字「亘」の甲骨文を見ると、二本の水平な線の中に弓形の文様が示される。王国維は、つとにこの甲骨文を漢字「恒」と同定した。今はこの見解に従う。上下の二本は川の両岸であり、中央の弓形はその両岸を往来する舟とする。この解字によれば、「亘」あるいは「恒」は、同一の空間に恒常的に繰り返される渡船作業を示している。

　三つの漢字「育」「言」「亘」の甲骨文から、以下のことが帰納乃至推測される。

　第一に、漢字の祖形である甲骨文は、時間的経過を内在させることがある。すなわち、「育」においては、出産の開始から終了までであり、「言」おいては、会議の告示から開催中までであり、「亘」においては、渡船作業の継続である。

　第二に、漢字の祖形である甲骨文は、内在する時間的経過の途上でおこるさまざまな事象の一局面が複数にわたって図像化乃至暗示されることがある。すなわち、「育」のおいては、母体、破水、新生児であり、「言」においては、倒置された鈴がその前時間に継起した会議の告示の振鈴と、その後の会議開始によるテーブル等への安置を暗示する。「亘」においては、両岸と渡船の存在が渡船作業を示す。

　第三に、漢字の祖形である甲骨文は、事象の複数の局面を内在させることによって、複数の情報を伝達することがある。「育」においては、母体による出産、出産途上の状況、新生児の誕生等の情報が、一字によって同時に伝達される。「言」においては、会議の告示、会議の開始、会議で話し合われた内容等の情報が伝達され、「亘」においては、渡船作業、対岸への到達、作業の繰り返し、すなわち恒常性等の情報が伝達される。

　したがって以上のような漢字生成に関する帰納乃至推測から、次のような漢字の機能が導かれる。

 

二　漢字の機能

第一に、個々の漢字に内在する時間的局面は、その局面のもっとも特徴的な情報を伝達しようとする傾向が強い。「育」の字においては、出産時の状況は、母体の出産動作そのものがもっとも特徴的であるが、出産後は新生児の存在が特徴的となる。漢字一字が持つ文法的機能の多様さは、こうした甲骨文に内在する、時間性の幅とその特徴的事象の内容に起因する。

「育」においては、出産時の局面では、いわゆる「うむ」という動詞的局面が強調されるが、出産後は「新生児」といういわゆる名詞的局面が強調される。「言」においては、会議前には「告げ知らせる」局面が強調されるが、会議開催中および開催後は、多分に会議での「発言内容」の局面が強調されるであろう。「告げ知らせる」局面が、多分に動詞的であり、「発言内容」の局面では、多分に名詞的機能が優先されるであろう。

　第二は、二字以上の漢字が組み合わされたとき、個々の漢字は、自らに内在する、時間の枠組から、どれかひとつの時間的局面を特に強調して、他の漢字と関係を結ぼうとする。二局面以上を伝達しようとすることは、伝達の明瞭性を傷つけるからである。「育」の字について見るならば、「育女」では「女児を生む」ことであり、「育嬰」では「すでに生まれている子どもをそだてる」ことである。「育女」では「育」の字は、より多く「母体からの出産状況」にかかわり、「育嬰」ではより多く「すでに誕生した新生児」の情報にかかわるであろう。

　第三は、個々の漢字に内在する時間的局面はしばしば複数性を持つが、漢字を組み合わせるときにはその個々の漢字の局面選択の択一性が働くことによって、互いに優先された局面同士によって二つ以上の漢字が、ひとつのより複合的な局面を形成して、その複合局面の情報伝達の明瞭性を保持することができる。たとえば「恒言」という２字の組み合わせにおいては、「恒」は「恒常性」の局面を選択し、「言」は「発言する」という局面を選択する。

　それでは、個々の漢字が局面選択を行うとき、どのような漢字内の機能が働くのであろうか。また、優先された局面同士が提携するとき、どのような機能が漢字の外部に向かって提示されるのであろうか。

 

三　漢字機能の自己選択性

　二つ以上の漢字が組み合わされ、新たな複合的な一局面が形成される状況を、「恒言」について検討する。ところが、「言恒」という組み合わせにおいては、新たな一局面は形成されず、漢字それぞれが有する一局面が二つ連続すると見るのが一般である。このような違いはどうして起こるのであろうか。私はここにも、漢字に内在する時間性がかかわると判断する。

　漢字に内在する時間には比較的短時間のものから、長時間に及ぶものまで多様である。二つの時間が連続するとき、前の漢字の時間性が長時間であり、後ろの漢字が短時間であるとき、この二つの漢字は緊密に結びつき、新たな複合的一局面を形成しやすいが、この逆の場合、すなわち前字が短時間で、後字が長時間であるときは、この二つの漢字は新たな複合的局面を形成しにくく、それぞれの局面が独立的に連続する傾向を持つ。

　「恒言」において、「恒」は「永続的な長時間」を内在させるのに対し、「言」は一過的な短時間を内在させる。このように、長時間内在型の漢字と後続する短時間内在型の漢字は、新たな複合局面を形成するが、短時間型の漢字と後続する長時間型の漢字は複合局面を形成しにくい。したがって、「恒言」は一つの語となり、「言恒」は二つの語で一つの文となる。

　すなわち類型論で孤立語の属するとされる漢語においては、一切の語形変化的な現象を有しないために、しばしば、その文法的な構造、漢語においては特に語と語の切れ目とその文法的な機能が問題となってきたが、漢字に内在する時間性およびその組み合わせ時における局面選択性によって、新たな複合局面が形成されたか、個別局面の連続かが区別されるとするならば、漢語における語彙形成と統語構造に展望がひらけるものとなる。

　漢字に内在する自己選択性とは、後続する漢字に内在する時間が、自らの時間より短時間の場合は複合しようとし、自らの時間より長時間の場合は複合しないか、複合しにくい。

　時間性の長短については、その漢字、　特に甲骨文における準初期形態が示す抽象性、具象性、統合性、個別性等のクラス分けが検証される必要がある。したがって、漢字に内在する時間性の自己選択性は、一つの仮説である。

 

四　漢字に内在する意味

　一般に言語における語の認定、あるいは語の意味は、その重要さにもかかわらず、困難さが指摘されてきた。漢字一字を語と認定するかどうかはしばらく置くとしても、ここで漢字一字ずつに内在する意味をある程度、分析的に検討することは、特に甲骨文にさかのぼることによって、可能な面が開けてくる。甲骨文においては、設文解字と比定できるものについては、その解明が進んだが、殷代のみに出てくる固有名詞的なものについては、今後も解明に困難が伴うことと思われる。しかし、甲骨文を言語記号として、その記号の内容とその記号が示す時間とを点検することによって、現在通行する漢字との比定を超えたレベルで、文字に内在する文法的機能を分析する途が開かれるであろう。そのときもっとも有力な方法の一つが、時間性原理であると思われる。

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

2003年３月２８日白馬にて