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Showing posts with label Sergej Karcevskij. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Sergej Karcevskij. Show all posts

Friday, 5 December 2014

Time in Word with Note and Note 2 / 24 October 2013, 17 November 2014 and 3 December 2014

Time in word



Time inherent in word has been one of the most fantastic theme for me for a long period. WANG Guowei’s paper was strongly hinted to the theme towards first writing a trial paper on it. Roman Jakobson was also gave me the basic notion related with the theme. Still now the problem has not solved as the starting point. But being aided by mathematical method and description,  learning on it has become more attractive in these days.
Tokyo
24 October 2013

SIL

..............................................................................................................................................

[Note]
When I wrote this essay, "Time in Word" in the autumn of 2013, the relation between time and dimension cannot be thought clearly but now in 2014 I distinctly think that the relation exists at the situation of synthesis of the new meaning on the old meaning. The four papers of Arithmetic Geometry Language written between 4 September 2013 and 9 September 2013 are indicating the affinity with time and dimension. Now I show the compact paper in the four, titled " Synthesis Meaning and Transition of Dimension".
Four papers of Arithmetic Geometry Language are the following.

Arithmetic Geometry Language (Abbreviated AGL)
Tokyo
17 November 2014
SIL
.................................................................................................................................

Thursday, 4 December 2014

Meaning Minimum of Language / 5 October 2011

For the Supposition of KARCEVSKIJ Sergej

Meaning Minimum of Language


[Preparation]
 ,
is graded ring and integral domain.
For negative e .
R's quotient field element is called homogenious when R's quotient field element is ratio f/g of homogenious element  .
Its degree is defined by .
<Definition>
At R's quotient field, subfield made by degree 0's whole homogenious elements,
 ,
is expressed by  .
For homogenious element  ,
subring of field  ,
 ,
is expressed by  .
For graded ring,
 ,
algebraic variety that  is quotient field that whole  for homogenious element  is gotten by gluing in common quotient field is expressed by Proj R.
Proj of graded ring
,
 ,
is called projective algebraic variety.
<Conposition>
Projective algebraic variety is complete.
<System>
Moduli of hypersurface,
,
is complete algebraic variety.
 ,
is sum set of,
 ,  .
[Interpretation]
Word is expressed by,
 .
Meaning minimum of word is expressed by,
 .
For meaning minimum,
refer to the next.
[References]
October 5, 2011

Meaning minimum On Roman Jakobson, Sergej Karcevskij and CHINO Eiichi / 6 April 2013

Meaning minimum
On Roman Jakobson, Sergej Karcevskij and CHINO Eiichi


TANAKA Akio

6 April 2013

1.
Meaning minimum is one of the kernel concepts for the model of language universals on my study. The concept was at first thought from Roman Jakobson's semantic minimum on which I first read at his book, ESSAIS DE LINGUISTIGUE GENERALE, 1973. His concept was yet intuitive at the linguistic study  history in the latter half of the 20 th century.Comparison with his concept, my definition of meaning minimum was a certain basis prepared in the learning of mathematics, especially on algebraic geometry, that is the most fantastic approach to the construction of the language model. But the contents of meaning minimum is vacant. This concept shows the minimum unit of one big constructive meaning of word. meaning minimum seems to be correspondent with element of set theory, which theory and foundations of mathematics had been my favourite mathematical basis in 1970s, my youth time. Bourbaki was always echoed around us. Grothendieck was a highest star in this world.
2.
Time went vast from at that time. Set theory became one of the premise field of mathematics. But in my part, set theory's agenda was put at a another point. Because language has a certain expanded world that seems to be continuous. Set theory's atomic discreteness does not match in my primary learning level.  So, in my  age 30s, I had sank in the philosophically intuitive thinking often referring the tradition of 1920s, especially of the Linguistic Circle of Prague. On the circle my teacher CHINO Eiichi had taught me from time to time on the campus of university or coffee shop near the station we used. CHINO had gone to the Czechoslovakia Republic from 1959 to 1967. I first met him in 1969 at his Russian class at my  third year of university student. I was the age 21 and he was 37.
3.
At the age 23's 1971 spring,  I graduated university and  once became a high school's teacher and again returned back to university in 1979 after 8 year job of the school. At that time I thought of characters' distinctive features on Written  Chinese classics. I mainly read WANG Guowei, ZHANG Binglin, DUAN Yucai, WANG yinzhi guiding by Japanese modern scholoar KANO Naoki. Expressly I had attracted to  WANG guowei and his book Guantangjilin. Besides reading these China's Qing dynasty's linguistic peaks, I had always thought on Ludwig Wittgenstein for his endless pursuit on language. So I resigned school and came back to the campus where I again met with CHINO. I was age 30s and he was 50s. He was already the big scholar at the linguistic field  but I was a poor return student. But I dare to say we were colleagues for language study. He taught me the detailed and strict tradition of the linguistic Circle of Prague. He frequently talked on Sergej Karcevskij and his eminent discernment on language. In the later year's masterpiece, Janua Linguisticae Reserata, 1994, he wrote only Karcevskij as genius in the great linguists.
4.
Being led by CHINO, I again started linguistic learning on meaning that I had been interested in from my 20s but too hard to approach by my talent. This time I had Karcevskij's fine insight to meaning enough absorbing the fertile tradition of Prague, where also exist Jakobson and Mathesius. Through the learning I gradually lean to desire to write clear definitions on language. I again remembered the little learning of my 20s age's mathematics. Bourbaki, Godel, TAKEUCHI and their set theory, foundations of mathematics and that Incompleteness theorem. I had learnt mathematics little by little, inch by inch.
5.
CHINO Died in 2002 at age 70 and I became 55. The next year 2003, I wrote a short paper titled "Quantum Theory for Language". This paper was showed at a international symposium on Silk road for dealing with language from Chinese characters on linguistic viewpoint. I knew  that Asian civilisation and history had great concern not only from Asia but also European continents. At the symposium some 400 researchers gathered in the various scholarly fields. It was a awesome encounter for my study, namely, East meet West. Probably Chinese character's agenda will be written by Europe oriented mathematics. WANG Guowei will meet with karcevskij mediated through mathematics' description. The target confronted at that time was time inherent in characters, or time in word.  In Chinese, particularly in classical written Chinese, all the characters show enough independent meaning in one character probably including even time. It was my first conjecture taught from Karcevskij and CHINO. Meaning minimum is on the boat going across to the opposite shore. This metaphor was derived from WANG Guowei's famous paper, "Yin- bu zhong suojian xiangong xianwang kao"
6.
The concept of time inevitably led to the distance of distance. In 2004, I wrote a paper titled "Distance Theory". But the paper was yet intuitive and not clear for descriptive definition. So hereinafter I learnt algebra inch by inch assisting with the rich imagine of geometry. In the centre of learning, always exist time that connotes finiteness and infinity. But infinity is not easily obtained without probably only loop space at the present. And again returns back to meaning minimum as the passenger of the boat named time property inherent. This time the passenger on the boat  is called operad or algebraic language.
7.
After all I came back to the very dream that I had embraced since the high school days. It was  a fundamental ask on language related with mathematics and physics. The root of language would be able to describe by mathematics and physics. In my mind language is always put at the centre of the pursuit that was what anyone can clearly understand. Description by mathematics, but physics why. Physics treats with substance that constructs the world in which I had desire to let language enter. Substantial language. It was my dream and will be hereafter.

Tuesday, 25 November 2014

How is the time alive in language? / 26 November 2014

How is the time alive in language?


TANAKA Akio

1.
When one first hear the existence of time in language, he may doubt its certainty. But I have intuitively believe it since I learned the ancient Chinese inscription on bone ad tortoise shell (in Chinese called Jiaguwen). In my early 20s, I met with the book of Chinese modern linguists, WANG Guowei, this belief changed the conviction. His lifework book Guantangjilin is hard to read till now.  But some papers in it are always inspires me by his deep and vast insight to character, language and history of ancient China. He also wrote fine criticism on Chinese pre-modern poem Ci. The title is RenjianCihua. The book is one of my favourite books of Chinese literature. People sometimes say that he was the highest genius after Song Dynasty, 1,000 years.
In 2003 I wrote a tiny paper hinted by WANG's paper. It was the first paper for me that I directly faced the time inherent in inscription using Jiaguwen's update linguistic results. The title is " On Time Property Inherent in Characters".
2.
In summer 2003, I stayed at Hakuba, Nagano for a while for writing over the paper that was intended to present a symposium  at Nara in winter. The paper was taking up the structure of written language that was dealt with the relation between time and grammar. But I did not solve the question on with what shape language exists in the language world. What shape has language and at where space does language exist or float? The theme on space was hard to deal at that time. I only concentrated to the shape in space. At 28 August I was fatigued to think and went  for a stroll outside  the inn putting up. The place was at the mountain side of the Hakuba Range and there was only one convenience store, where I walked in the shop and saw one advertisement of electric pocket dictionary. I returned having this advert to the inn and read its sentences. At the very time I found the shape of language I sought was sphere that was inherited time in it, also having grammatical functions. The paper's title was named to " Quantum Theory for Language" by the shape of language. This was a really product of clear and fine atmosphere of Hakuba with a distant view of the North Alps of Japan.
    3.
    From 2004 to 2008 I wrote some papers on inscription and language. But I was not satisfied inwardly for the style of intuitive approach to language. I wanted to write more simple and clear expression. For being realised of my wish, I definitely needed to use mathematical tools. I returned to my 20s days' reading of Bourbaki that was desperately difficult for may ability. I again gradually read mathematical books and journals for seeking useful source of my hope to converting to language study. A certain results that came to my papers with satisfaction was appeared in 2008 by the papers titled Complex Manifold Deformation Theory


   Above all, the first paper in this group, I first defined the concept, distance by complex manifold.
   The concept of distance was one of the most important themes on language, so I at early times wrote the intuitive paper, "Distance Theory".
   At the fifth paper of Complex Manifold Deformation Theory, I again challenged the hard theme of the time in language, titled to " Time of Word".
    4.
   The definition of space in which language exists is one hard target for me to write satisfactory. A fixed results came to me at the papers group titles Symplectic Language Theory in 2009.
    In the group, a paper focused on mirror phase on language became one peak for my writing.
     5.
     Related with the shape of language, quantization and discreteness on language was the urgent    themes for the further step of studying the total image of language I was pursuing. Floer Homology  Language was the one milestone for me to overcome to the next stage.
     In this group, the eighth paper was dealt with the quantization and discreteness of language.
      6.
      What situation does the time in language have? This question exists in my mind at the early days when I wrote the paper "On Time Property Inherent in Characters". The first step to solution was described at the paper " Prague Theory". The group of Prague Theory was written due to dedicate to Prague, The Linguistic Circle of Prague and Sergej Karcevskij with the memory of my teacher CHINO Eiichi.
    In this paper, Chinese Character /kun/, that meaning is difficult in English, was used for the eternity of loop time. This loop time was also appeared in the paper " On Time Property Inherent in Characters". But Prague Theory shows more direct and compact by growing tree and its obstructive enclosing fence. This intuitive image was more clearly described at the paper " Word as Infinite Loop Time " at Infinite Loop Space Language in 2012.
    In this paper, time in language is clearly connected with dimension of algebraic group saying as the next. Word has dimension that belongs to algebraic K group.
    7.
The relation between time and dimension was entered on a new phase at the learning of algebraic geometry, especially of arithmetic geometry. Arithmetic Geometry Language, abbreviated to AGL, was the starting papers for me to arithmetic method.

    From these four papers, I concisely extracted the next three conjectures.

   At these conjectures, time inherent in language is in the basis of describing dimension, synthesis and reversion. The process of leading to the conjectures is over viewing the next.    

8.
Acknowledgement
Time inherent in language is a fantastic but as hard to pursue for me still now. I would examine this theme further more and more, probably till the end of my research life. Now all the thanks are going to The Linguistic Circle of Prague and especially its member Sergej Karcevskij, with my teacher CHINO Eiichi who taught me their precise information from his long study at Prague in 1960s.

9.
For CHINO Eiichi

                                          Golden Prague                                    

C also died early, who had taught me Russian and linguistics. He loved
the old city that had the beautiful towers and bridges.

In C's many works there was the essay "The Moon of Carpathians". He wrote 
that the conference was over, departed at Kiev, saw the moon and 
churches over the Carpathian Mountains, impetuously went to the west, 
passed Slovakia, Moravia, Bohemia, and at last reached "Golden Prague".
Prague, it was his youth itself.

Now I cannot hear his voice telling the various anecdotes on languages, 
of which he freely had commanded. By the short heading, a newspaper 
reported his death, naming as  "the genius of linguistics".
                                                                                                                                 - 9 October 2014 -

                                         Coffee shop named California

If C live, he also may ask me, "What  are you researching now?"
And I also will answer him as same as ever.
"I have pursued universals, never done facts, without repenting."

Oh C, if you live, will we also talk on language?
At the table facing each other under the low ceiling of the shop going up the steep stairs.
The name of the shop is California.

For the memory of our daily forgetful life,
its never miserable though poor all over,
I will write down our delight.
                                                                                                           - 27 October 2014 -

10.
Ode to Kanda

"I need not more wander the book shop streets." From Tale, Print, 2012

This tale was written by TANAKA Akio, pen-named LI Koh in autumn 2012 for remembering the poor but brilliant youth time of myself. This is one of my favourite phrases in this tale.
The book shop streets described in the tale is Kanda, Tokyo, which is located in the central Tokyo, where I frequently walked seeking the old Chinese classic books for the study from Oriental way of linguistics. In late 1960s, the streetcars were surely running in the old fashioned streets of Kanda, now perfectly changed to the subway streets. 
From Print 2012, Chapter 10
もはや本屋街をさまようことはない。I need not more wander the book shop streets. 対象は私のうちにある。The object exists in my mind. 私はただこの運河をながめていればいい。I would better watch the canal遍歴は終わった。Wandering is over now.  たぶん永遠にマイスターにはなれないだろうが、みずからの小さな仕事場で、日が落ちるまで作業をすればいい。Perhaps I would not become meister  forever. In my narrow working place, I 'd better do my work till sunset. すると仕事場の窓辺を聖者が通って行く。 So out of the window by the working place,  the saint passes by. かつてそんなロシアの民話を読んだ。I ever read the Russian folk tale like that. 
秋の日ぐれは早い。The Autumn evening is fast. 路面電車のヘッドランプがまぶしいくらいだ。The headlight of streetcar  is dazzling. 黄褐色の窓に少ない乗客が照らし出され、古本屋街の方へ消えて行った。In the yellow-lighten window the passengers are picked out by the light. The car disappeared  to the book streets. 駅の売店がにぎやかな橙の光に包まれている。The station shop is also lighted up by the yard's busy orange light. 

Tokyo / 26 November 2014 / SIL

Tuesday, 28 October 2014

Charles Bally / 9 November 2012

Charles Bally

TANAKA Akio  

                                     
Charles Bally is a successor of Ferdinand de Saussure together with Sergej Karcevskij.
He wrote LINGUISTIQUE GENERALE ET LINGUISTIQUE FRANCAISE 1932-1963 that is a clear basis for my language study.
             

Tokyo
9 November 2012
Sekinan Research Field of Language

Tuesday, 7 October 2014

Fortuitous Meeting / What CHINO Eiichi Taught Me in the Class of Linguistics / 5 Decembrt 2004

Fortuitous Meeting

What CHINO Eiichi Taught Me in the Class of Linguistics 


CHINO taught me the core of linguistics in the class of structural linguistics.
The most remarkable thing is what he explained the paper of
KARCEVSKIJ to us.
The title is Du dualisme asymétrique du signe linguistique. It was a miracle of my life.
 I summarize the essence of the paper from one of CHINO’s most major book, Gengogaku eno hirakareta tobira, Janua linguarum reserata in Latin. Language has the dualism.
One is firm structure. The other is flexible variability.
This is a revelation.
I selected the firmness of language.
It overlapped with the research of Chinese characters.
Thought of
KARCEVSKIJ
fructified the quantum of language.
The theory I reached is
Quantum Theory for Language.
The starting point of the theory was given from CHINO.
I deeply appreciate him for teaching me almost all the things on language.
CHINO Eiich died March 19, 2002.
At age 70.


Tokyo 
December 5, 2004

Thursday, 2 October 2014

Prague in 1920s, The Linguistic Circle of Prague and Sergej Karcevskij's paper "Du dualisme asymetrique du signe linguistique" / Print, 2012

Prague in 1920s, The Linguistic Circle of Prague and Sergej Karcevskij's paper "Du dualisme asymetrique du signe linguistique"
From Print 2012, Chapter 18

Non-symmetry. It was the very theme that I repeatedly talked on with C. Prague in 1920s. Karcevskij's paper "Du dualisme asymetrique du signe linguistique" that appeared in the magazine TCLP.  Absolutely contradicted coexistence between flexibility and solidity, which language keeps on maintaining, by which language continues existing as language.  Still now there will exist the everlasting dual contradiction in language. Why can language stay in such solid and such flexible condition like that. Karcevskij proposed the duality that is seemed to be almost absolute contradiction. Sergej Karcevskij's best of papers, for whom C called as the only genius in his last years' book Janua Linguisticae reserata 1994

Source: 
  • Tale / Print by LI Koh / 27 January 2012  
Reference:
Reference 2:
References 3:
References 4:
Reference 5:

[Note, 2 October 2014]
In this Tale, Print 2012, C is CHINO Eiichi who was the very teacher in my life, taught me almost all the heritage of modern linguistics. I first met him in 1969 at university's his Russian class as a student knowing nothing on language study.

Wednesday, 24 September 2014

Half farewell to Sergej Karcevskij and the Linguistic Circle of Prague / 23 October 2013 / With References

Half farewell to Sergej Karcevskij and the Linguistic Circle of Prague 

TANAKA Akio

I have thought on language through the rich results of the linguistic Circle of Prague and its important member Sergej Karcevskij. But now my recent thinking has inclined towards algebraic or arithmetic geometrical method and description.

Probably it is the time of half farewell to those milestones which led me to the standing place here with rather sufficient results in my ability. Great thanks to all that always encouraged me for hard and vague target on language especially meaning and its surroundings. And also to
CHINO Eiichi with love and respect who taught me all the bases of language study.

For recent results see the following papers group named
AGL Arithmetic Geometry Language and related essays.



Papers
AGL Arithmetic Geometry Language 

Saturday, 13 September 2014

Direction / For KARCEVSKIJ Sergej / 26 November 2004

Direction




1
Quantum of language has a meaning and a time.
2
A meaning has a direction toward the real world.
3
A time is a connecter or a separator on a succession of two quanta.
4
The time of quantum provides the grammar on the succession of quanta.
5
The direction of quantum guarantees the reliability of language.
6
The direction creates a power which is near concept of SAPIR’s drift.
7
The direction is classified into three classes-D1, D2 and D3.
D1 is heading to the right. This is called <direction right>, abbreviated to DR.
D2 is heading to the left. This is called <direction left>, abbreviated to DL.
D3 is no direction. This is called <direction zero>, abbreviated to DZ.
8
DR quantum has long time.
DL quantum has short time.
DZ quantum has very long time, almost eternity.
9
Now an example is given below.
In modern Chinese, [A hawk flies in the sky.] is expressed by /Ying fei zai tian kong./.
10
/Ying/ is [ A hawk]. DZ.
/Fei/ is [flies]. DR.
/Zai/ is [in]. DL.
/Tian kong/ is [ the sky]. /Tian/ is DZ. /Kong/ is DZ.
11
The direction of the example’s quanta is below.
DZ DR DL DZ DZ
The upper indication is abbreviated below.
Z R L Z Z
This indication is written below, according to the figures.
DZ is 0.
DR is 1.
DL is -1.
The example is figured below.
[0 1 -1 0 0]
DR and DL is connected well.
[1 -1] connection is newly generated [0] quanta.
The example is expressed below by figures.
[0 0 0 0]
DZ figure [0] is a stable condition.
Sentence is always under the situation in which quanta move to a stable condition.
The stable condition of quanta is normally called <end of sentence>.

Tokyo 
November 26, 2004

[Reference added, 13 September 2014]