Meaning Minimum of Language / 5 October 2011

Stable and Unstable of Language

For the Supposition of KARCEVSKIJ Sergej

Meaning Minimum of Language

TANAKA Akio

[Preparation]

 ,

is graded ring and integral domain.

For negative e,  .

R's quotient field element is called homogenious when R's quotient field element is ratio f/g of homogenious element  .

Its degree is defined by .

<Definition>

At R's quotient field, subfield made by degree 0's whole homogenious elements,

 ,

is expressed by  .

For homogenious element  ,

subring of field  ,

 ,

is expressed by  .

For graded ring,

 ,

algebraic variety that  is quotient field that whole  for homogenious element  is gotten by gluing in common quotient field is expressed by Proj R.

Proj R of graded ring

,

 ,

is called projective algebraic variety.

<Conposition>

Projective algebraic variety is complete.

◊

<System>

Moduli of hypersurface,

,

is complete algebraic variety.

◊

 ,

is sum set of,

 ,  .

◊

[Interpretation]

Word is expressed by,

 .

Meaning minimum of word is expressed by,

,  .

For meaning minimum,

refer to the next.

[References]

• Cell Theory / From Cell to Manifold / Tokyo June 2, 2007
• Holomorphic Meaning Theory 2 / Tokyo June 19, 2008
• Amplitude of meaning minimum / Complex Manifold Deformation Theory / Conjecture A4 / Tokyo December 17, 2008
• Gromov-Witten Invariant / Symplectic Language Theory / Tokyo February 27,2009
• Generating Function / Symplectic Language Theory / Tokyo March 17, 2009

October 5, 2011

Sekinan Research Field of Language

Meaning minimum On Roman Jakobson, Sergej Karcevskij and CHINO Eiichi / 6 April 2013

Meaning minimum
On Roman Jakobson, Sergej Karcevskij and CHINO Eiichi

TANAKA Akio

6 April 2013

1.
Meaning minimum is one of the kernel concepts for the model of language universals on my study. The concept was at first thought from Roman Jakobson's semantic minimum on which I first read at his book, ESSAIS DE LINGUISTIGUE GENERALE, 1973.　His concept was yet intuitive at the linguistic study  history in the latter half of the 20 th century.Comparison with his concept, my definition of meaning minimum was a certain basis prepared in the learning of mathematics, especially on algebraic geometry, that is the most fantastic approach to the construction of the language model. But the contents of meaning minimum is vacant. This concept shows the minimum unit of one big constructive meaning of word. meaning minimum seems to be correspondent with element of set theory, which theory and foundations of mathematics had been my favourite mathematical basis in 1970s, my youth time. Bourbaki was always echoed around us. Grothendieck was a highest star in this world.
2.
Time went vast from at that time. Set theory became one of the premise field of mathematics. But in my part, set theory's agenda was put at a another point. Because language has a certain expanded world that seems to be continuous. Set theory's atomic discreteness does not match in my primary learning level.  So, in my  age 30s, I had sank in the philosophically intuitive thinking often referring the tradition of 1920s, especially of the Linguistic Circle of Prague. On the circle my teacher CHINO Eiichi had taught me from time to time on the campus of university or coffee shop near the station we used. CHINO had gone to the Czechoslovakia Republic from 1959 to 1967. I first met him in 1969 at his Russian class at my  third year of university student. I was the age 21 and he was 37.
3.
At the age 23's 1971 spring,  I graduated university and  once became a high school's teacher and again returned back to university in 1979 after 8 year job of the school. At that time I thought of characters' distinctive features on Written  Chinese classics. I mainly read WANG Guowei, ZHANG Binglin, DUAN Yucai, WANG yinzhi guiding by Japanese modern scholoar KANO Naoki. Expressly I had attracted to  WANG guowei and his book Guantangjilin. Besides reading these China's Qing dynasty's linguistic peaks, I had always thought on Ludwig Wittgenstein for his endless pursuit on language. So I resigned school and came back to the campus where I again met with CHINO. I was age 30s and he was 50s. He was already the big scholar at the linguistic field  but I was a poor return student. But I dare to say we were colleagues for language study. He taught me the detailed and strict tradition of the linguistic Circle of Prague. He frequently talked on Sergej Karcevskij and his eminent discernment on language. In the later year's masterpiece, Janua Linguisticae Reserata, 1994, he wrote only Karcevskij as genius in the great linguists.
4.
Being led by CHINO, I again started linguistic learning on meaning that I had been interested in from my 20s but too hard to approach by my talent. This time I had Karcevskij's fine insight to meaning enough absorbing the fertile tradition of Prague, where also exist Jakobson and Mathesius. Through the learning I gradually lean to desire to write clear definitions on language. I again remembered the little learning of my 20s age's mathematics. Bourbaki, Godel, TAKEUCHI and their set theory, foundations of mathematics and that Incompleteness theorem. I had learnt mathematics little by little, inch by inch.
5.
CHINO Died in 2002 at age 70 and I became 55. The next year 2003, I wrote a short paper titled "Quantum Theory for Language". This paper was showed at a international symposium on Silk road for dealing with language from Chinese characters on linguistic viewpoint. I knew  that Asian civilisation and history had great concern not only from Asia but also European continents. At the symposium some 400 researchers gathered in the various scholarly fields. It was a awesome encounter for my study, namely, East meet West. Probably Chinese character's agenda will be written by Europe oriented mathematics. WANG Guowei will meet with karcevskij mediated through mathematics' description. The target confronted at that time was time inherent in characters, or time in word.  In Chinese, particularly in classical written Chinese, all the characters show enough independent meaning in one character probably including even time. It was my first conjecture taught from Karcevskij and CHINO. Meaning minimum is on the boat going across to the opposite shore. This metaphor was derived from WANG Guowei's famous paper, "Yin- bu zhong suojian xiangong xianwang kao"
6.
The concept of time inevitably led to the distance of distance. In 2004, I wrote a paper titled "Distance Theory". But the paper was yet intuitive and not clear for descriptive definition. So hereinafter I learnt algebra inch by inch assisting with the rich imagine of geometry. In the centre of learning, always exist time that connotes finiteness and infinity. But infinity is not easily obtained without probably only loop space at the present. And again returns back to meaning minimum as the passenger of the boat named time property inherent. This time the passenger on the boat  is called operad or algebraic language.
7.
After all I came back to the very dream that I had embraced since the high school days. It was  a fundamental ask on language related with mathematics and physics. The root of language would be able to describe by mathematics and physics. In my mind language is always put at the centre of the pursuit that was what anyone can clearly understand. Description by mathematics, but physics why. Physics treats with substance that constructs the world in which I had desire to let language enter. Substantial language. It was my dream and will be hereafter.

Roman Jakobson / 16 July 2012

Roman Jakobson

TANAKA Akio     

                               

THE SOUND SHAPE OF LANGUAGE by Roman Jakobson & Linda Waugh, 1979 is one of put-aside-desk book for the study. The authors wrote the Preface to The Japanese Edition, 1980 that the primary concern was the basic opposition between form and meaning, furthermore there were definite difference and intimate bonding between these two essential phenomena.

For turning to myself, I had already determined the main target on meaning, and sound had been put aside, while Jakobson's book  was still referred time to time. It  was a great teacher for me, and   probably from now on.

Tokyo
16 July 2012
Sekinan Research Field of Language
3 December 2014 Revised
SIL

Aster in the Garden For Mother / 30 November 2012

Aster in the Garden
For Mother

TANAKA Akio
                                     
In my garden, there is a tiny root of aster, that was also blooming in my old home. My mother made much of it. So the flowers had increased year by year.
Her way of cultivation was really natural, who swept up the soil near the root every day. So around the root was always soft and warmish for the plant. Every spring the aster bloomed pleasantly under the garden woods.
Recently in my garden, I found out that the way of mother was one of the most important style for really loving the flowers. The tiny root someday will become more flourishing without clearly noticing if one really cultivate it. This truth is the gift from mother, but noticing much too late for me, being over age 56 in 2003.
Oh from now, mother's silent teaching probably will become precious treasure and milestone for my study as long as I live.

Tokyo
30 November 2012
Sekinan Research Field of Language
3 December 2014 revised
SIL

KAJIMURA Hideki His Korean Classroom / 4 April 2005

KAJIMURA Hideki
His Korean Classroom

TANAKA Akio

I first met KAKJIMURA at 1970 and he taught me the Korean in the small class of foreign language.
Text was SONG Jihak’s "Chosengo Nyumon, Chosono Immun" published by Daigaku Shorin, Tehak Sorim Publisher. It was one of a few books for beginners of Korean at the early 1970s.

I was 21 and KAJIMURA was 30s.
Class was opened in the forth period and the room was dim-lit in late autumn season.
In the same room, I was also taught Russian from CHINO Eiichi and Natary MURAVIJOVA.
So I have fine memories of learning some foreign languages in this room.

KAJIMURA was a high school teacher in those days and was also teaching history and Korean in universities, so I heard.
I clearly remembered his remark that Korean grammar was once explained by using Russian grammar which was far apart from Korean and its family of languages.
He said the words with smiling. “Such times surely exist in short period.” When I heard the fact, I felt that the times had changed rapidly in linguistic world.

He wore the round glasses and always no tie. Jacket was old looking and the shoulders were always down a little for his thin shape.

When I was absent in the winter season from my schedule for the post-graduate work, he wrote me a letter "Why absent recently?".
Being so obliged, I wrote a reply telling the situation of mine immediately, adding the saying that Korean language was precious for me and I decided to keep on learning the language all my life. What I wrote tin the letter was true till now.

Once he invited me to his home. But I could not go because of feeling that it depend too much to him.
But now I regret that I had not received his favour. Later when he became the professor of a university, I would go to his study room for congratulation to the post . But at that time I did not go there because I thought I was always able to visit him so we were living rather near. After all my visit was not realised. It is so regrettable for me till now.

He incessantly wrote the papers. A lot of researchers respected his sincere attitude of studying.
I did not meet him in those days.
And I heard suddenly his death.
He died from disease in 1989.
He taught me the Korean and further more a way of living.

Tokyo
4 April 2005
2 December 2014 Revised
SIL

Natary MURAVIJOVA Russian Language Class / 17 July 2010

Natary MURAVIJOVA

Russian Language Class

TANAKA Akio

I met with her suddenly in 1969 at her Russian language class.

On the day, I received the lecture on general semantics at the her neighbouring room. The teacher was difficulty in writing the letters on the blackboard for the chalks all too short or chipped. So I went to get the right ones to use to her class for borrowing.

The room was tiny and a few students attended the lesson from her.  At that time I suddenly decided that the next year I absolutely would receive her Russian language because the scenery of her image to teach the lesson was fantastically fine for me.

Next year, 1970, I got her Russian lesson at the same little room.

At that room I also received Korean language from KAJIMURA Hideki and Russian grammar from CHINO Eiichi.

The lesson of her style was always natural and familiar for the students.

AT first few lessons were the pronunciation of Russian. The accent and diphthong was especially  important. She taught us many times using the blackboard writing the words and phrases.

Russian vowels have the two, Light and dark. The river Volga sound the Russian people always dark. She said so.

The Russian class had the the language festival in every Autumn,where I was urged to enter the Russian poem's recitation. Her choice for me was Lermontov. She gave me the note paper in that the poem was written in green colour pen. Its colour was warm and general as her personality.

She was the daughter of Russian army's high class official. She and her family came to Japan to escape from the Revolution. In Japan she kept teaching the Russian at the Japan-Russo Institute. Also taught at several universities.

She gave me the Russian name, Mikhail.  She called me Misha in a sense of closeness in the classroom.

One day I bought the Russian textbook of "Teach yourself" series for practise for myself. I used the phrases from the book in her classroom. She astonished my colloquial speaking unlikely in my real ability to the language. I apologized her that all was in the book I bought at the Kinokuniya bookshop, Shinjuku, Tokyo. She understood the situation and was smiling.

Her pronunciation  was of course excellent fine. I now remember her beautiful voice with her small build. Her Russian class image was always shining, through the Autumnal crisp light from the windows. 

Tokyo

17 July 2010

1 December 2014 revised

SIL

Under the Dim Light / 1 August 2012

Under the Dim Light 

TANAKA Akio 





                                        

I frequently talked with CHINO Eiichi at the coffee shop near the station we used to get on. The shop was at the second floor and the steps upstairs always sounded squeaking. Under the dim light the topics of conversation was on language or linguistics after all. He was already the university professor but I was a poor research student. But he was always showed me the general tenderness.

The subject he gave me were impressive and useful for me, in which the most important is the history of The Linguistic Circle of Prague and the excellent pioneers of language study. He had of course the unique approach to the study but I had never any conspicuous one except boundless interest on the study.

In his wide and precious telling for me I gradually determined my course to proceed. It was the making of basic and radical foundation on natural language by searching the structure of language through simple and clear description. For keeping this difficult aim I had a decision that there was only way to use mathematics that I had abandoned at the past for its hardness.

In my age 20s, I had read Ludwig Wittgenstein and Nicolas Bourbaki in concentrating. I did not clearly understand  Wittgenstein's approach. But I borrowed his writing style that was simple and clear. So my early work's descriptions were nearly at him. But I decided that I never adopted strongly-intuitive thinking.

I always considered mathematical basis or analogy. My aim was the independence from the intuitive description. Keeping on this course, there was seen the mathematical basis that I must adopt the model in which language universals are clearly described. I entered to the mathematical description of study that was confirmed premises of my way.

The late summer in

Kirigamine Highlands, Nagano, Japan

Tokyo
1 August 2012
Sekinan Research Field of Language