What is signal? The existence that generates language

Preface, Preparation, Preparation 2, References, Main Issue 1-5, Anticipation - FAQ
and Comment
Completed Edition

21 November 2018 - 13 April 2019

TANAKA Akio

Sekinan Library

Tokyo

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Read more: https://srfl-lab.webnode.com/products/what-problems-are-there-on-language-universals/

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Text 1

Presupposition on Natural Language

TANAKA Akio

1.
Language is variable. If it be true, what is the base of variability?
2.
Language is pronounceable. If it be true, what is emerged by pronounced?
3.
Language is recordable. If it be true, what is emerged by recorded?
4.
Example.
An apple is variable and will be rotten by time proceeding.
An apple is pronounced at a glossary shop and will be bought by a homemaker.
An apple is recordable and will be recorded in a photo.
5.
What distinguishes language from apple? The answer is uncertain. So I make the language models parting from natural language.

Reference
For WITTGENSTEIN Ludwig / Position of Language / 10 December 2005-3 August 2012

Tokyo
22 August 2012
Sekinan Research Field of Language

Read more: https://srfl-paper.webnode.com/news/presupposition-on-natural-language/

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Text 2

Sayama Assumption on Language

TANAKA Akio

1. Language is changeable.*1

2. Language has substance. Because it is changeable.*2

3. Language has time. Because it is changeable.*3

4. Language has boundary. Because it is substance.*4

5. Language has structure. Because it is substance.*5

6. Language is describable. Because it is substance.*6

References
*1 Notes for KARCEVSKIJ Sergej / Note for KARCEVSKIJ Sergej’s “Du dualisme asymetrique du signe linguistique” / 8 September 2011
*2 Presupposition on Natural Language / 22 August 2012
*3 Time of WANG Guowei / Loop Time of Character / 15 September 2011
*4 Topological Group language Theory / Boundary of Words / 12 February 2012
*5 Notes for KARCEVSKIJ Sergej / Structure of Word / 11 September 2011
*6 Notes for KARCEVSKIJ Sergej / Description of Language / 9 September 2011

Sayama Hills, Tokyo
21 September 2012
Sekinan Research Field of Language

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Text 3

Symplectic Language Theory

TANAKA Akio

Dialogue 1

On Structure

For HORI Tatsuo, Footprints on the snow, 1946

Why do you think that language has structure?

_We have true-false problem since Greece had logic on language, Crete man tells himself

a liar. The situation suggests that if language has structure and we see the structure's

whole, there is no more problem in the upper funny but radical story.

Do you mention that language has dimensions in it for preventing the confusion?

_Surely dimension is an important factor of structure. But language is a vast building in

which all the logisc and all the feelings are expressible for all the hope of human beings.

Then how the structure is built, do you imagine?

_I ever learned the history of Prague Linguistic Circle, in which the most important

hypothesis is said that language has function. Function is inevitably occurred following after

the completion of structure, I think.

Do you say that from the observation of language function is adequately acceptable for

structure's surface?

_Yes, I think so.

Then on inner structure of language, what do you think?

_At first, language has meaning. But it was put aside by Prague Linguistic Circle as the

hardest problem on language for its ambiguity as MATHESIUS V. gave the famous lecture,

Latency of　language phenomena, 1911. I attracted the theme, language has ambiguity.

Did you go to Prague?

_No. I only heard on PLC from CHINO Eiichi. He learned linguistics at Prague, from 1958

to 1967. He gave me the basis of linguistics after his returning to Tokyo. I first met him at

Tokyo 1969. I learned Russian at that time in the small class. He was young at 37, and I

also young too at 21.

You really respect CHINO.

_I remember him respectfully, but more frequently merrily, for his fantastic conversation to

the younger beginner, studying language from various fields, from art to classical languages

at the university.

On language, ambiguity is important?

_Undoubtedly. CHINO gave me the concept of asymmetric dualism of linguistic sign. The

paper was written by KARCEVSKIJ Sergej at 1929. Precisely to say, "Du dualisme

asymétrique du signe linguistique", Travaux du Cercle Linguistique de Prague 1.

From ambiguity to structure, through what course did you choose?

_I took the road from the minimum unit of meaning that was extracted by WANG

Guowei's GUANTANG JILIN, the book was real youth of my life, for which I named

by reference of JAKOBSON Roman's concept .

I dearly remember CHINO's warm advice "not to enter such a theme that are firstly treated

by WITTGENSTEIN-like person. We are not invited", backing to the railway station from

the university, after his lecture on linguistics at early summer twilight.

is your starting point, I recognized. After that, To where did you go?

_At first, from set theory. I ever learned it mainly from TAKEUCHI Gaishi's papers. Now I

yet like his approch to the mathematical object. And I, at that time, also came under the

influence of LÉVI-STRAUSS Claude.

That course was productive to you?

_It is a difficult question. For first step of my study, partly yes and mostly no.

Mostly no, for what?

_For me the most important is the relation between s. But set theory

is not efficient for that direction.

Is relation important?

_Perhaps yes.

Why?

_Back to MATHESIUS's or KARCEVSKIJ's , there exists

relationship between one meaning and another meaning. For me, this relationship is not

able to be handled by my set theory's level. But set theory is enough charming for its

elemental simplicity.

And where did you go to the next?

_ Geometry. It is the most natural and fantastic approach by its freely intuitive methods.

Intuition is surely familiar. But selection is only done by such reason?

_I have not any other choices at considering my mathematical level then.

Geometry was respondent to your hope?

_Yes, absolutely yes. As people say that geometry is a heimat of mathematics, I really

think so.

Geometry is more easily way to approach for you?

_Repeatedly say, I have not any choices at that time. Meeting with geometry, I often wrote

various figures containing topological ones, for instance at on the train to the town in which

mother is under medical care.

Such drawings can express language's validity?

_Much interesting to express but the themes containing validity of language and so forth are

very hard to access.

Why?

_Relationship among language inside is far away beyond my amateurishly imaginary

figures.

And after that?

_I came here, at my present mathematical situation as PENROSE Roger said in his book THE

ROAD TO REALITY, that mathematics is the most highly investigational way for the study of

universe. His confidence to mathematics is put up on my home page of sekinan.org.

Where do you stand now?

_Symplectic geometry.

Why do you stand there?

_Also natural for me. And freely thinkable.

Freely thinkable, what imagine by that?

_Mathematics is radically free. Just like a wind at high lands, far-sighted and transparent.

Mmm. Transparent.

_Yes,perfectly transparent. In contrast with language. Language is always having ambiguity.

Ambiguous language and transparent mathematics.

_That's all.

Many thanks today.

_It's my pleasure.

Tokyo
March 12, 2009
Sekinan Research Field of Language

Read more: https://srfl-theory.webnode.com/news/why-do-you-think-that-language-has-structure/

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Text 4

Where is the change's power or energy?

TANAKA Akio

I was born in 1947 and become 68 years old this summer.
My unripeness to language study has come to the declining years.
Return to physics or mathematics is almost alike to back to youth age, when almost every day solving rudimentary problems for entire interest to unknown world.

In my mind there still are some hard themes to challenge, one of which is energy in language. The theme is originated from Edward Sapir, who presented the concept "drift" in Language, 1921.
It was the macro and intuitive concept that was supposed by his precise thinking and vast field work of America native's language. I think that I would develop the theme from the physics-mathematics field.

In the garden

Peony begins to come out in the cold winter.

If there be change in language, from which to which language changes in its true nature?

At where is there the change's power or energy?

Refer to the next.

0. General survey

5W1H in 2014 / 31 December 2014

1. Substantiality and time

2.Flow and energy

4. Stochastic theory, distance, functional, potential with energy

Tokyo
1 January 2015
SILNote

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Text 5

Why is boundary necessary in language?

q.v. Boundary of Words / 12 February 2009

TANAKA Akio

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1.
I have thought of language as a physic existence that has inevitably boundary to the outer world.
My question is simple and primitive. I ever wrote about the change of language - If there be change, there are exactly the situations before change and after change. Just where does changing substance exist? In the essay, rotten apple was used as the symbol of changing language.

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Presupposition on Natural Language

TANAKA Akio

1.
Language is variable. If it be true, what is the base of variability?
2.
Language is pronounceable. If it be true, what is emerged by pronounced?
3.
Language is recordable. If it be true, what is emerged by recorded?
4.
Example.
An apple is variable and will be rotten by time proceeding.
An apple is pronounced at a glossary shop and will be bought by a home-maker.
An apple is recordable and will be recorded in a photo.
5.
What distinguishes language from apple? The answer is uncertain. So I make the language models parting from natural language.

Reference
For WITTGENSTEIN Ludwig / Position of Language / 10 December 2005-3 August 2012

Tokyo
22 August 2012
Sekinan Research Field of Language　
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2.
Language&s substantiality has been considered since I returned to the mathematical approach for learn language universals from the utterly beginning. In 2005 I wrote a tiny trial paper on the substantiality of language for thinking the study course hereafter.

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Substantiality

Dedicated to SAPIR Edward

TANAKA Akio

1 Substance of language is completion which possesses the distance from the real world.

2 The distance is sustained by the fixation for which meaning and time are abstracted.

3 If language has not distance, language appears and disappears following the real world proceeding.

4 Language is substantially unchangeable. Changeability occurs on surrounding.

5 The distance is measured by the longitude from the real world to the substantiality that meaning and time possess.

6 Substantiality is a frame of language.

7 Substantiality is free from the real world.

8 Substantiality is powered by outer energy.

9 Powered substantiality moves complied with possessed command, namely meaning and time.

10 Powered moving substantiality of language is called .

11 The idea of quantum is partially realized by in the supermarket or bookstore.

12 Substantiality is bar code of can or book. Outer energy is bar code reader. Quantum moves in a cash register. Language generates price addition in the real world.

13 Bar code is not language. Bar code is substantiality of language. Bar code does not move by itself. When bar code reader becomes energetic, bar code generates in a cash register. Language, namely, price-additional-work, starts at bookstore of station front in the bustling evening.

Tokyo February 27, 2005

For the Memory of Tanashi Station Front Street February 26, 2005

Sekinan Research Field of Language

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3.
In 2013, I again wrote on the substantiality of language at the new level containing the determinate essence of language, dimension and time. The title is Macro Time and Micro Time. In this paper I thought that dimension is the essential factor of meaning, especially containing Infinitive meaning.

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Macro Time and Micro Time

TANAKA Akio

24 July 2013
atbankofdam
1.
Through natural language, in human being, occurred the electrical signal by eye or ear. These complex situations are beyond this paper’s limits.
2.
Language is a physical object as signal and its transmission. At this circumstances, language must be recognised to be the existence that has finite time.
3.
An apple on the desk gradually becomes rotten by passing the time very after the crop in the orchard. #0
4.
Like an apple, language has passing physical time in oneself.
5.
Language is metamorphosed by the time progressing. #1
6.
Language includes the outer world from human being to universe. At this declaration, I recall Blaise Pascal’s Pensées. XXXIII. PROOFS OF JESUS CHRIST 308 The infinite distance between body and mind symbolizes the infinitely more infinite distance between mind and charity, for charity is supernatural.(Translated by A.J. Krailsheimer, 1966) #2
7.
Language’s time goes freely from the present to the future or the present to the past. #3
8.
Language symbolises the time from finiteness to infinity. #4
9.
Human being recognises this vast language world perfectly. #5

References
#0 For WITTGENSTEIN Ludwig Position of Language / December 10, 2005 – August 3, 2012 / Sekinan Research Field of Language
#1 Time of Word / Complex Manifold Deformation Theory / January 1, 2009 / sekinanlogos
#2 PASCAL PENSÉES. Translated with an introduction by A.J. Krailsheimer. PENGUIN BOOKS 1966.
#3 Escalator language and Time For SHINRAN’s Idea and BOHDISATTVA / Escalator Language Theory / December 16, 2006 / Sekinan Research Field of Language
#4 From Finiteness to Infinity on Language / Topological Group Theory / February 1, 2009 / sekinanlogos
#5 Understandability of Language / Complex Manifold Deformation Theory /January 9, 2009 / sekinanlogos

Source: https://atbankofdam.wiki.zoho.com/Macro-Time-and-Micro-Time.html/
To be continued.

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Boundary is related with dimension through Poincaré Theorem. Details are next.

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Dual Language

Duality of Language

TANAKA Akio

1. Theorem
(Poincaré duality)
For oriented compact n-dimension topological manifold M ,
bilinear form

is exact,

and

become dual space each other.
♦

2. Interpretation
Word := M Boundary of language := p Dual language := and Language :=

3. Explanation
Word is compact and has dimension.
Language has dimension.
Language has boundary.
Boundary makes dual language.

4. References
Distance Theory
Mirror Theory
Guarantee of Language

Tokyo
25 May 2012
Sekinan Research Field of Language

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5.
Relation between boundary and synthesis in language is utterly unknown field for me. Study has just started from the entrance position. Recent results are the next.

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Synthesis Conjecture

Conjecture for synthesis of meaning in word

TANAKA Akio

Synthesis
1  Conjecture for synthesis of meaning in word
29/09/2013 19:25
For synthesis of meaning in word,  Conjecture: Condition for synthesis of meaning in word i s proposed by cohomological expression.

2  Conjecture: Condition for synthesis of meaning in word
29/09/2013 18:38
On condition for synthesis of meaning in word, at conjecture is proposed by the next result of etale cohomology.
Result
——————————————————-
Canonical natural equivalence
The next two are left exact additional functors.
F :  A   ->  A’
G :  A’  ->  A”
A  and  A’  have enough many injective objects.
If  F  transfers  A’  s injective object to  G  acyclic object, the next canonical natural equivalence is concluded.
R  (  G  O  F  ) =~  RG  O  RF .
——————————————————–
Conjecture
Preparation
Word is shown by  R . This word is called  old word .
Base meaning in word is shown by  F .
Word that has base meaning is shown by  RF .
Additional meaning to word is shown by  G .
Word that has additional meaning is shown by  RG . This word is called  intermediate word .
Word that has base meaning and additional meaning is shown by  R  (  G  O  F  ). This word is called  new word .
Conjecture
For completion of new word, old word and intermediate word have the condition shown by the canonical natural equivalence of etale cohomology.

3  Canonical natural equivalence
29/09/2013 18:08
Canonical natural equivalence
The next two are left exact additional functors.
F :  A   ->  A’
G :  A’  ->  A”
A  and  A’  have enough many injective objects.
If  F  transfers  A ‘s injective object to  G  acyclic object, the next canonical natural equivalence is concluded.
R  (  G  O  F  ) =~  RG  O  RF .

Source:  Conjecture for synthesis of meaning in word / sekinanlatest 2013

Tokyo
1 May 2014
Sekinan Research Field of Language

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6.
Three Conjectures containing Synthesis Conjecture are shown at the next.These conjectures are the latest result of language universals at SRFL Sekinan Research Field of Language.

Three Conjectures for Dimension, Synthesis and Reversion with Root and Supplement

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Tokyo
21 December 2014
SIL

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Text 6

How is the time alive in language?

TANAKA Akio

1.
When one first hear the existence of time in language, he may doubt its certainty. But I have intuitively believe it since I learned the ancient Chinese inscription on bone ad tortoise shell (in Chinese called Jiaguwen). In my early 20s, I met with the book of Chinese modern linguists, WANG Guowei, this belief changed the conviction. His lifework book Guantangjilin is hard to read till now. But some papers in it are always inspires me by his deep and vast insight to character, language and history of ancient China. He also wrote fine criticism on Chinese pre-modern poem Ci.The title is RenjianCihua. The book is one of my favourite books of Chinese literature. People sometimes say that he was the highest genius after Song Dynasty, 1,000 years.In 2003 I wrote a tiny paper hinted by WANG's paper. It was the first paper for me that I directly faced the time inherent in inscription using Jiaguwen's update linguistic results. The title is " On Time Property Inherent in Characters".

On Time Property Inherent in Characters / 28 March 2003

2.
In summer 2003, I stayed at Hakuba, Nagano for a while for writing over the paper that was intended to present a symposium at Nara in winter. The paper was taking up the structure of written language that was dealt with the relation between time and grammar. But I did not solve the question on with what shape language exists in the language world. What shape has language and at where space does language exist or float? The theme on space was hard to deal at that time. I only concentrated to the shape in space. At 28 August I was fatigued to think and went for a stroll outside the inn putting up. The place was at the mountain side of the Hakuba Range and there was only one convenience store, where I walked in the shop and saw one advertisement of electric pocket dictionary. I returned having this advert to the inn and read its sentences. At the very time I found the shape of language I sought was sphere that was inherited time in it, also having grammatical functions. The paper's title was named to " Quantum Theory for Language" by the shape of language. This was a really product of clear and fine atmosphere of Hakuba with a distant view of the North Alps of Japan.

Quantum Theory for Language / 15 January 2004

3.
From 2004 to 2008 I wrote some papers on inscription and language. But I was not satisfied inwardly for the style of intuitive approach to language. I wanted to write more simple and clear expression. For being realised of my wish, I definitely needed to use mathematical tools. I returned to my 20s days' reading of Bourbaki that was desperately difficult for may ability. I again gradually read mathematical books and journals for seeking useful source of my hope to converting to language study. A certain results that came to my papers with satisfaction was appeared in 2008 by the papers titled Complex Manifold Deformation Theory.

Complex Manifold Deformation Theory / 2008-2009

Above all, the first paper in this group, I first defined the concept, distance by complex manifold.

Distance of Word / 30 November 2008

The concept of distance was one of the most important themes on language, so I at early times wrote the intuitive paper, "Distance Theory".

Distance Theory / 5 May 2004

At the fifth paper of Complex Manifold Deformation Theory, I again challenged the hard theme of the time in language, titled to " Time of Word".

Time of Word / 1 January 2009

4.
The definition of space in which language exists is one hard target for me to write satisfactory. A fixed results came to me at the papers group titles Symplectic Language Theory in 2009.

Symplectic Language Theory / 2009

In the group, a paper focused on mirror phase on language became one peak for my writing.

Homological Mirror Symmetry Conjecture by KONTSEVICH / 26 April 2009

5.
Related with the shape of language, quantization and discreteness on language was the urgent themes for the further step of studying the total image of language I was pursuing. Floer Homology Language was the one milestone for me to overcome to the next stage.

Floer Homology Language / 2009

In this group, the eighth paper was dealt with the quantization and discreteness of language.

Discreteness of Language / 19 July 2009

6.
What situation does the time in language have? This question exists in my mind at the early days when I wrote the paper "On Time Property Inherent in Characters". The first step to solution was described at the paper " Prague Theory". The group of Prague Theory was written due to dedicate to Prague, The Linguistic Circle of Prague and Sergej Karcevskij with the memory of my teacher CHINO Eiichi.

Prague Theory / 2 October 2004

In this paper, Chinese Character /kun/, that meaning is difficult in English, was used for the eternity of loop time. This loop time was also appeared in the paper " On Time Property Inherent in Characters". But Prague Theory shows more direct and compact by growing tree and its obstructive enclosing fence. This intuitive image was more clearly described at the paper " Word as Infinite Loop Time " at Infinite Loop Space Language in 2012.

Word as Infinite Loop Space / 6 December 2012

In this paper, time in language is clearly connected with dimension of algebraic group saying as the next. Word has dimension that belongs to algebraic K group.

7.
The relation between time and dimension was entered on a new phase at the learning of algebraic geometry, especially of arithmetic geometry. Arithmetic Geometry Language, abbreviated to AGL, was the starting papers for me to arithmetic method.

Arithmetic Geometry Language (AGL) / 2013

From these four papers, I concisely extracted the next three conjectures.

At these conjectures, time inherent in language is in the basis of describing dimension, synthesis and reversion. The process of leading to the conjectures is over viewing the next.

Three Conjectures for Dimension, Synthesis and Reversion with Root and Supplement / 19 November 2014

8.
Acknowledgement
Time inherent in language is a fantastic but as hard to pursue for me still now. I would examine this theme further more and more, probably till the end of my research life. Now all the thanks are going to The Linguistic Circle of Prague and especially its member Sergej Karcevskij, with my teacher CHINO Eiichi who taught me their precise information from his long study at Prague in 1960s.

9.
For CHINO Eiichi

9.1 Golden Prague
C also died early, who had taught me Russian and linguistics. He loved
the old city that had the beautiful towers and bridges.
In C's many works there was the essay "The Moon of Carpathians". He wrote
that the conference was over, departed at Kiev, saw the moon and
churches over the Carpathian Mountains, impetuously went to the west,
passed Slovakia, Moravia, Bohemia, and at last reached "Golden Prague".
Prague, it was his youth itself.
Now I cannot hear his voice telling the various anecdotes on languages,
of which he freely had commanded. By the short heading, a newspaper
reported his death, naming as "the genius of linguistics".

- 9 October 2014 -

9.2 Coffee shop named California
If C live, he also may ask me, "What are you researching now?"
And I also will answer him as same as ever.
"I have pursued universals, never done facts, without repenting."
Oh C, if you live, will we also talk on language?
At the table facing each other under the low ceiling of the shop going up the steep stairs.
The name of the shop is California.
For the memory of our daily forgetful life,
its never miserable though poor all over,
I will write down our delight.

- 27 October 2014 -

10.
Ode to Kanda

"I need not more wander the book shop streets." / From Tale, Print, 2012

This tale was written by TANAKA Akio, pen-named LI Koh in autumn 2012 for remembering the poor but brilliant youth time of myself. This is one of my favourite phrases in this tale.
The book shop streets described in the tale is Kanda, Tokyo, which is located in the central Tokyo, where I frequently walked seeking the old Chinese classic books for the study from Oriental way of linguistics. In late 1960s, the streetcars were surely running in the old fashioned streets of Kanda, now perfectly changed to the subway streets.

From Print 2012, Chapter 10

もはや本屋街をさまようことはない。I need not more wander the book shop streets. 対象は私のうちにある。The object exists in my mind. 私はただこの運河をながめていればいい。I would better watch the canal. 遍歴は終わった。Wandering is over now. たぶん永遠にマイスターにはなれないだろうが、みずからの小さな仕事場で、日が落ちるまで作業をすればいい。Perhaps I would not become meister forever. In my narrow working place, I 'd better do my work till sunset. すると仕事場の窓辺を聖者が通って行く。 So out of the window by the working place, the saint passes by. かつてそんなロシアの民話を読んだ。I ever read the Russian folk tale like that.

秋の日ぐれは早い。The Autumn evening is fast. 路面電車のヘッドランプがまぶしいくらいだ。The headlight of streetcar is dazzling. 黄褐色の窓に少ない乗客が照らし出され、古本屋街の方へ消えて行った。In the yellow-lighten window the passengers are picked out by the light. The car disappeared to the book streets. 駅の売店がにぎやかな橙の光に包まれている。The station shop is also lighted up by the yard's busy orange light.

Tokyo
26 November 2014
SIL

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Text 7

What facts do Three Conjectures for Dimension, Synthesis and Reversion show us?

vide: Three Conjectures for Dimension, Synthesis and Reversion with Root and Supplement

TANAKA Akio

1.
True-false problem of the Crete gives us the infinite circulation of true-false value.
This fact indicates us the existence of deep structure or hierarchy in language.
The Crete's true-false is solved by the perspective from 2-dimension to 3-dimension on structure in language world.

2.
Language has long history as the system of etymology. Apparently language has gradually added the new meaning on the old established meaning in word. At this point new meaning is synthesised to the old meaning. At synthesis word mathematically reduces its dimension to the lower one. As the result time in word relatively occurred in the new word and inevitably connected with dimension.

3.
Where and how does word exists in the world?
The distance from a certain point is absolutely demanded for measuring or observing for knowing the word's place.Reversion is a result for measuring or observing from a point.

4.
For precise description of dimension, synthesis and reversion mathematical tools are definitely needed and for more simple describing algebraic method is the most useful to approach for me and in order to easy-seeing and clear intuition geometrical approach is always inevitable to searching. I am greatly thanks to relevant mathematicians researching against severe problems still now for contemporary times.

Kodaira, Tokyo
20 November 2014
SIL

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Comment

Here ends the preparatory work for What is signal?, that began from 21 November 2018.
From now on this paper will be written at the viewpoint of quantum group for the relation between quantum and signal-language, that has been the most important theme, quantum language, since 2003, when I wrote a paper titled, manuscript of Quantum Theory for Language.
Refer to the next.

Manuscript of Quantum Theory for Language with Preface, Note and Note 2 2003-2018

Manuscript of Quantum Theory for Language

TANAKA Akio

Preface

以下に示す「言語の量子理論」は、英文で書かれたQuantum Theory for Language の草稿となるもので、２００３年３月に長野県白馬の白馬アルプスホテルで書かれたものである。発表するのは今回が初めてである。いままで発表しなかったのは、この草稿がまったく資料のないホテルの部屋できわめて短時間のうちに書かれたものであり、そのためその内容が非常に直感的で、通常の論考とは異なる、私にとってはかなり先鋭的なものであったためである。しかも論考は途中で終わり未完のままである。２００３年１２月に或るシンポジウムで発表するためにこの草稿をもとに書き上げたQuantum Theory for Languageでは、論考の趣旨はほぼ一貫しながらもその表現をより穏やかなものにした記憶がいまもはっきりと残っている。しかし現在この草稿を読み返してみると、私が２００３年当時気にした直感性や先鋭さは、やはり私の言語論の本質に深く根ざしたものであり、ほぼ十年におよぶ言語に関する数学的な記述を経て振り返ると、私が今なお書き残しているもっとも重要ないくつかの主題は、ほぼこの草稿に記されたものであることを私はあらためて確認するに至っている。言語の量子化、量子の出現と消滅、量子の接合と階層、量子集合体、量子群の進行と階層、陽性量子と陰性量子、量子の意味とエネルギー。いずれも私にとって、依然として未知であり魅惑的であり続ける。今後私はふたたびこの草稿の位置にもどり、あらためてみずからの思考を紡いてゆくことになるであろう。老年の今となっては、本質は形態に先行し、もっとも表現したいものを、私にとってそれにもっともふさわしい方法で記述してゆくこととなるであろう。いくばくかの時間がなお残されているのであればだが。二十歳のころ恩師が教えてくれた句は今もそのまま生きている。いざゆかん雪見にころぶところまで。
２０１５年３月２３日、東京にて記す。

Tokyo
23 March 2015

Sekinan Library

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言語の量子理論

０　はじめに　
中国における主要な言語である漢語には２０００年を超える記載言語すなわち文字言語の歴史がある。
中国古典を代表する『論語』は、現代に残された文字資料であるが、同時に同書編纂当時の口頭言語を強く含んでいるとされる。（吉川幸次郎　１９６７年）
ここでは、おもに『論語』の文例によりながら、記載言語（文言）と口頭言語（白話）の両面にかかわる、言語の分析を試みる。

１　言語の量子化
　言語類型論で孤立語に分類される漢語、いわゆる中国語は、原理的には一つの音節が一つの意味と一つの文字すなわち漢字を持つ。
　音節が連続して新しい意味を形成することはあるが、それぞれの音節は常に本来の独立した意味と文字を改変することなく所持することによって、漢語の内在する言語規則基本的にはほとんど改変することなく、長い歴史時代を通して保持してきた。
　漢語の文法的機能が、発音や文字の外形的変化を一切行わなず、一語一語の配列すなわち語順によって、形成されるとするが、その語順すなわち統語法の内在原理は、いまだ十分な解明をみたとはいえない。
　ここでは文言と白話をともに含むとされる『論語』を漢語の言語モデルついて採用し、主に文字論的な接近によって、漢語に内在する言語法則ひいては一般的な言語に内在する言語構造を分析しようとするものである。
　漢語の統語法については、伝統的に実辞と虚辞の２分類によってなされてきた。実辞は実質的な意味を所有するのに対し、虚辞は実辞が所有する意味を補完するために用いられるとされる。
　たとえば、『論語』巻頭の一節、「学而時習之、不亦説乎」（文例１）にあっては、一般的には「学」「時」「習」「之」「説」が実辞であり、「而」「不」「乎」が虚辞である。
　ここで、一つの意味を所有する漢字一字を、一意味単位を有する言語量子とし、言語の最小単位と仮定する。
　伝統的に実辞とされてきたものは、言語量子として通常、一単位の陽性量子を有するとする。虚辞とされてきたものは、通常、一単位の陰性量子を有するとする。一陽性量子をℓ＋、一陰性量子をℓ－と表記することとする。
　一陽性量子は、運動推進エネルギーを有し、量子を前方に移動させようとする力を持つ。一陰性量子は、運動吸収エネルギーを有し、量子の運動を吸収し停止あるいは変更させる力を持つ。一陽性量子は、一陰性量子に接合することによって、自らの運動を停止あるいは変更させる。
　文例１「学而時習之、不亦説乎」によれば、「学」は「而」によって、その運動を変更され、「説」は「不」「亦」および「乎」によって、その運動を変更され最終的に停止されている。
　陽性量子の運動エネルギーは、通常、常時進行性であり、陰性量子に接合するまで、その運動を停止しない。
　陰性量子の運動吸収エネルギーは、通常、「一時停止」「方向変更」「停止」等の機能を有する。
　文例１によれば、「而」は「一時停止」、「不」「亦」は「方向変更」であり、「乎」は「停止」として機能している。
　まとめるならば、量子は意味とエネルギーを有する言語の最小単位である。
　
２　量子の出現と消滅
　量子は、新しい意味が言語世界へと出現要請されることによって、出現する。要請は言語世界への新しい意味の付加が必要とされたときになされるものである。言語における発話と文字との関係は、発話の先行が一般的であるが、漢語のように、一つの音節が一つの意味を有する言語においては、後出する文字は、発話行為とともに想像上の形態として要請されていたと仮定することも可能であろう。すなわち一つの意味が一つの具体的な識別形態を要請しているのである。この行為は人間の営為として自然なものである。
　言語量子は、言語世界への新しい意味を付加するために、出現する。量子が有するエネルギーは、その新しい意味を言語世界に付加するためのものであり、新しい意味と不可分に結合したものである。
　量子は、その意味が言語世界に不要となったときに消滅する。文例１において「不」は本来は「花のめしべの子房」を意味したが、その実辞としての意味は早くに消滅に、「打ち消し」を意味する虚辞としたのみ、言語世界に機能してきた。
　この「不」で示されたように、実辞と虚辞は漢語において、明瞭に区別されたものではなく、相互の乗り入れや変換が不断に行われてきた。すなわち、上述したように、量子は、当初、言語世界への新しい意味付与のために出現したものである。
当初は陽性量子であった実辞は、言語世界への意味付与の役割を終えるとともに、その運動エネルギーも消滅する。しかし他の量子の運動エネルギーによって、言語世界が構成され改変された痕跡は、他の量子から運動あるいは圧迫を受け続け、運動を受容する量子として、負のエネルギーを付与されて、言語世界に存続することがあると仮定する。こうして陰性量子が出現する。
出現した陰性量子は負のエネルギーを有するため、陽性量子のエネルギーを吸収し、その運動を停止または変更させることとなる。

３　量子の接合と階層
　二つ以上の量子は、互いに接合することによって、新しい構造体を形成する。
　文例１「学而時習之、不亦説乎」によれば、量子の接合は以下のようになる。
　＜ ℓ＋　ℓ－　ℓ+　ℓ+　ℓ+　ℓ－　ℓ－　ℓ+　ℓ－＞
　ここで、陽性量子は、次の量子まで意味を移動させる。陰性量子は、前の量子の運動エネルギーを吸収し、停止または変更させる。
　「而」と「乎」が陰性量子として、構造体すなわち文を「停止」させる機能を働かせていることは明瞭であるが、「不」と「亦」の二つの陰性量子は、量子の運動の「変更」として機能していると仮定する。
　伝統的な文法によれば、「不」と「亦」は「説」の意味を補完するとされるが、この量子理論では、後ろの量子は前の量子のエネルギーを受け止めるため、従来の説明では処理できない。
　ここで「変更」とは、前の量子の運動の方向を変えさせることである。こうして一つの陽性量子は、その運動が別の軌道に移されることとなる。すなわち、陽性量子はある一つの軌道上で運動をおこなうが、ある種の「変更」陰性量子はその軌道を別の軌道に移し、新しい意味構造体を創出する。
　その軌道は、モデル的には、数階建ての高層建築が想定される。「学んで時に之を習う」という階から、他の異なった階へと移動させる。
ここで「不」は「学んで時に之を習う」ことを否定する階へ移し、「亦」はこの「学んで時に之を習う」ことを新しい可能性の階へと移動させる。「乎」はこの状況に疑問を投げかける階へと移動させる。
この一連の状況をモデル化して図示する。

学
　↓而習之
　　　　　↓不
　　　　　　　↓亦説
　　　　　　　　　　↓乎

『論語』の有名な一節、「有朋自遠方来」（文例は以下のように図示される。
　有朋
　　　↓自遠方来
　
４　量子と量子集合体の符号化
　量子は初め陽性として出現し、その消滅によって陰性を生じる。陰性量子は陽性量子の群にあっては、無意味であるために非圧迫量子であり、陽性量子としてかつて獲得した意味空間をいわば不断に圧縮され続ける状態にある。こうしてポンプで押し出されるようなエネルギーが陰性量子に蓄えられ、陽性量子の軌道を変更して異なる階層へ移動させることとなると仮定する。
　したがって、この量子理論によれば、漢語のすべての漢字、すなわち意味とエネルギーを有する量子は、次のように符号化することができる。
量子　/ /
意味　ℓ
陽性エネルギー　　→
陰性エネルギー　　↓

　文例１の「学而時習之、不亦説乎」の符号化は以下のようになる。

/ℓ→/　
　　/ℓ↓/　/ℓ→/　/ℓ→/　/ℓ→/
　　　　　　　　　　　/ℓ↓/
　　　　　　　　　　　　 /ℓ↓/　/ℓ→/
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　/ℓ↓/
ここで/ℓ→/を数字の１で、/ℓ↓/を数字の０で表すと、「学而時習之、不亦説乎」は１０１１１００１０と数字化できる。
したがって文例１の「学而時習之、不亦説乎」は［進行５，階層４］の言語量子の構造体であるということができる。これを［move５，class4］と表記する。
文例２の「有朋自遠方来」は

有朋
　　↓自遠方来

であるから、

/ℓ→/　/ℓ→/　
　　　　/ℓ↓/　/ℓ→/　/ℓ→/　/ℓ→/

と符号化され、さらに、

１１０１１１

と数字化される。その構造は［move５，class１］である。

もう一例『論語』から文例をとる。

「三年無改於父之道、可謂孝矣」（文例３）

/ℓ→/　/ℓ→/　/ℓ→/　/ℓ→/
　　　　　　　　　　　/ℓ↓/ /ℓ→/
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　/ℓ↓/ /ℓ→/
/ℓ↓/ / ℓ→/ /ℓ→/
/ℓ↓/

１１１１０１０１０１１０　　　［move8，class５］

５　量子群における進行と階層
　量子群である文における、一階層における進行度数を見る。
文例1では、4分の５で0.8度数。文例2では、1分の５で５度数。文例3では５分の８で1.6度数となる。
ここで、一階層進行度数がどのような指標となるかを考察する。
進行度数1とは、文言にあっては、実辞１に対して虚辞１の割合であり、1階層に１意味が存在する最も明瞭な文と考えることができる。
したがって進行度数が1以上となると、1階層に2つ以上の意味が存在することなり、一つの意味を細かく規定してより微細な意味を提示することとなる。
これとは逆に進行度数が1未満となると、1階層において、一つの意味を提示することがなく、2階層以上によって初めて意味の完結をみることとなり、一つの意味の周囲に補足的な意味内容が付加されることによってより構成的な意味が成立することとなる。
　文例1は0.8度数であり、補足的意味が付加された文である。文例2は5度数であり、微細な意味が規定された文である。文例3は1.6度数であり、ほぼ標準的かやや微細な規定が加わった文である。

６　量子理論の基本原理
　量子理論は、伝統的には実辞とされる陽性量子が1階層で進行することが基本である。したがってある種の量子群すなわち文において、陰性量子が冒頭に立つときには、その前に陽性量子または量子群が省略されたと考えることができる。
陰性量子が陽性量子の進行方向に変化を与えて、新しい階層に移行させることは、陰性量子が受けている被圧迫エネルギーによるとしたが、より正確には、以下のように説明できる。
一般に断定の虚辞とされる「也」は、その実辞としての意味は現代においては不分明であり、陽性量子としてはほぼ消滅したと考えることができる。その代わりに陰性量子としての虚辞機能が台頭して現在に至るが、その機能を細分すれば、断定、主題提示、呼びかけ、詠嘆、疑問、反語等の極めて多様である。
たとえば、「回也不愚」（『論語』為政篇）においては、「回」という人物が、（階層が変わり）孔子の心中において、（また階層が変わり）否定される存在であり、（さらに階層が変わり）「おろかものの類」が提示される。」
「階層が変わる」ということは、「回」という人物が、「也」と出現によって実在の人物から、孔子の心中における考察対象へと変換されたことを意味し、さらにその考察対象が「不」によって抹消されることを意味し、さらに新しく「愚」という概念が登場することを意味する。
すなわち陰性量子は、陽性量子が有する言語世界への直接的な意味を行うのではなく、実辞としてはもはや空白となった自らの領域へ、陽性量子を導くjことによって、一種の真空無重力の状態を現前させ、その方位を転換することであると仮定する。その転換に必要とされるエネルギーは、領域が受けている被圧迫のエネルギーから生ずるものと仮定する。　

７　陰性量子の意味
　陰性量子が有する意味は、上述した「也」の意味分類でも明瞭なように、陽性量子の意味よりはるかに精妙な場合が多い。これらの意味はどのようにして出現したと考えることができるか。
　陰性量子が実辞としての機能を消滅させ、一種の真空領域を有していると仮定したが、ここにひとたび断定という意味が成立すると、この「也」に前から接合する陽性量子の意味によって、その真空領域は一定の反応を示すようになる。たとえば「回」のような人名が前に接合すると、「也」は断定的な意味機能の一変容である主題提示として機能することとなる。

８　陰性量子のエネルギー
　陽性量子のエネルギーは、新しい意味を言語世界に付加するために与えられたものであることは、すでに「２　量子の出現と消滅」において記述したが、ここでは陰性量子が有するエネルギーについて詳述する。

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Note
22 December 2017

This manuscript was written at a hotel of Hakuba, Nagano, Japan in March 2003, where my family stayed for hot spring and ski. In autumn 2002, I thought of relationship between time and characters inspired by WANG Guowei's paper written on old Chinese character's studies, one of which he declared that character heng 亙 was imaged from a ship coming and going the banks. This character contained the notation of the continuous time of ship operation between the banks.
But if character contain the time going, character seemed to have any existence of inherent energy in it.

Note 2

29 June 2018

Definition of quantum in this manuscript was intuitive while in my mind there was rather precise image that was not able to write by mathematical approach in the days of 2003.

Now the situation has been changed drastically through development of quantum group. Particularly from the Drinfeld's speech at the international mathematician conference in 1984.
I wrote the simple trial paper on quantum group in 2008.
Kac-Moody Lie Algebra Note 2 Quantum Group 2008
Papers related on the pre-thought on quantum group is seen at SRFL Lab.
SRFL Lab's Preparatory paper

Inherent energy in language has been become a little updated after writing in 2003.

Now arranged at the next.

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Energy

Potential of Language 2009
The days when I was thinking on Energy Distance Theory 2014
Preparation for the energy of languag e 2015

Tokyo
20 June 2018
Sekinan Zoho

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Tokyo

29 June 2018

SRFL Lab

Read more: https://srfl-lab.webnode.com/products/manuscript-of-quantum-theory-for-language-with-preface-note-and-note-2-2003-2018/

Here ends Manuscript of Quantum Theory for Language.

................................................................................................................................

Note 3

Manuscript of Quantum Theory for Language

Contents

Preface

1 Quantization of language
2 Appearance and disappearance of quantum
3 Conjugation and class of quantum
4 Encoding of quantum and assembled quanta
5 Progress and class of quantum groups
6 Basic principle of quantum theory

Note
Note 2
Note 3

Tokyo
13 Aprila 2019
ENSILA

....................................................................................................................................

What is signal? The existence that generates language Preface-Comment

Completed Edited

13 April 2019

ENSILA

Saturday 13 April 2019

What is signal? The existence that generates language Preface, Preparation, Preparation 2, References, Main Issue 1-5, Anticipation - FAQ and Comment Completed Edition 13 April 2019

Aurora Theory

Dictoron Quantum and Trace [AT1]

Dictoron and Aurora
＜Language is aurora dancing above us.> [AT2]

Aurora and Curvature [AT3]

Dictoron as Language quantum [AT4]

Aurora and Riemann Sphere [AT5]

Dictoron, Time and Symmetry
＜Language Multi-Time Conjecture> [AT6]

Limitation of Meaning [AT7]

Aurora Plane [AT8]

Dictoron and Time [AT9]

Word, Phrase and Sentence
＜Language Multi-Time Conjecture 2> [AT10]

Distance and Time
＜Language Multi-Time Conjecture 3> 5th Time for KARCEVSKIJ [AT11]

Why Human Time Flows Fast and Slow on Occasion
<Interlude for Multi-Time Conjecture> [IL1]

Aurora Time Theory

Time on Aurora [ATT1]

Imaginary Time and Imaginary Space From HAWKING Stephen [ATT2]

Enlarged Distance Theory [ATT3]

Opened Time and Closed Time For WANG Guowei <Bridge between Physics and Linguistics> [ATT4]

Opened Time and Closed Time Revised For WANG Guowei and DELBRÜCK Max [ATT4-2]