Thursday 28 February 2019

What is signal? The existence that generates language Preface-References 28 February 2019


What is signal? The existence that generates language Preface-References 28 February 2019

28/02/2019 19:30

What is signal? The existence that generates language Preface-References 28 February 2019


 

What is signal? 
The existence that generates language
TANAKA Akio

ENSILA

Tokyo

9 February 2019 - 28 February 2019

 

Original Title
What is signal? A mathematical model of nerve
0
Preparation 1-15
For father and mother 
.......................................................................................



......................................................................................

 

References
Reference is cited from the papers written at SekinanLibrary and SRFL
by TANAKA Akio
at Tokyo from 2003.
...............................................................................................................



Contents

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

 



-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



Elected Texts


0

Manuscript of Quantum Theory for Language

Preface

以下に示す「言語の量子理論」は、英文で書かれたQuantum Theory for Language の草稿となるもので、2003年3月に長野県白馬の白馬アルプスホテルで書かれたものである。発表するのは今回が初めてである。いままで発表しなかったのは、この草稿がまったく資料のないホテルの部屋できわめて短時間のうちに書かれたものであり、そのためその内容が非常に直感的で、通常の論考とは異なる、私にとってはかなり先鋭的なものであったためである。しかも論考は途中で終わり未完のままである。2003年12月に或るシンポジウムで発表するためにこの草稿をもとに書き上げたQuantum Theory for Languageでは、論考の趣旨はほぼ一貫しながらもその表現をより穏やかなものにした記憶がいまもはっきりと残っている。しかし現在この草稿を読み返してみると、私が2003年当時気にした直感性や先鋭さは、やはり私の言語論の本質に深く根ざしたものであり、ほぼ十年におよぶ言語に関する数学的な記述を経て振り返ると、私が今なお書き残しているもっとも重要ないくつかの主題は、ほぼこの草稿に記されたものであることを私はあらためて確認するに至っている。言語の量子化、量子の出現と消滅、量子の接合と階層、量子集合体、量子群の進行と階層、陽性量子と陰性量子、量子の意味とエネルギー。いずれも私にとって、依然として未知であり魅惑的であり続ける。今後私はふたたびこの草稿の位置にもどり、あらためてみずからの思考を紡いてゆくことになるであろう。老年の今となっては、本質は形態に先行し、もっとも表現したいものを、私にとってそれにもっともふさわしい方法で記述してゆくこととなるであろう。いくばくかの時間がなお残されているのであればだが。二十歳のころ恩師が教えてくれた句は今もそのまま生きている。いざゆかん雪見にころぶところまで。
2015年3月23日、東京にて記す。

Tokyo
23 March 2015
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


言語の量子理論


0 はじめに 
中国における主要な言語である漢語には2000年を超える記載言語すなわち文字言語の歴史がある。
中国古典を代表する『論語』は、現代に残された文字資料であるが、同時に同書編纂当時の口頭言語を強く含んでいるとされる。(吉川幸次郎 1967年)
ここでは、おもに『論語』の文例によりながら、記載言語(文言)と口頭言語(白話)の両面にかかわる、言語の分析を試みる。

1 言語の量子化
 言語類型論で孤立語に分類される漢語、いわゆる中国語は、原理的には一つの音節が一つの意味と一つの文字すなわち漢字を持つ。
 音節が連続して新しい意味を形成することはあるが、それぞれの音節は常に本来の独立した意味と文字を改変することなく所持することによって、漢語の内在する言語規則基本的にはほとんど改変することなく、長い歴史時代を通して保持してきた。
 漢語の文法的機能が、発音や文字の外形的変化を一切行わなず、一語一語の配列すなわち語順によって、形成されるとするが、その語順すなわち統語法の内在原理は、いまだ十分な解明をみたとはいえない。
 ここでは文言と白話をともに含むとされる『論語』を漢語の言語モデルついて採用し、主に文字論的な接近によって、漢語に内在する言語法則ひいては一般的な言語に内在する言語構造を分析しようとするものである。
 漢語の統語法については、伝統的に実辞と虚辞の2分類によってなされてきた。実辞は実質的な意味を所有するのに対し、虚辞は実辞が所有する意味を補完するために用いられるとされる。
 たとえば、『論語』巻頭の一節、「学而時習之、不亦説乎」(文例1)にあっては、一般的には「学」「時」「習」「之」「説」が実辞であり、「而」「不」「乎」が虚辞である。
 ここで、一つの意味を所有する漢字一字を、一意味単位を有する言語量子とし、言語の最小単位と仮定する。
 伝統的に実辞とされてきたものは、言語量子として通常、一単位の陽性量子を有するとする。虚辞とされてきたものは、通常、一単位の陰性量子を有するとする。一陽性量子をℓ+、一陰性量子をℓ-と表記することとする。
 一陽性量子は、運動推進エネルギーを有し、量子を前方に移動させようとする力を持つ。一陰性量子は、運動吸収エネルギーを有し、量子の運動を吸収し停止あるいは変更させる力を持つ。一陽性量子は、一陰性量子に接合することによって、自らの運動を停止あるいは変更させる。
 文例1「学而時習之、不亦説乎」によれば、「学」は「而」によって、その運動を変更され、「説」は「不」「亦」および「乎」によって、その運動を変更され最終的に停止されている。
 陽性量子の運動エネルギーは、通常、常時進行性であり、陰性量子に接合するまで、その運動を停止しない。
 陰性量子の運動吸収エネルギーは、通常、「一時停止」「方向変更」「停止」等の機能を有する。
 文例1によれば、「而」は「一時停止」、「不」「亦」は「方向変更」であり、「乎」は「停止」として機能している。
 まとめるならば、量子は意味とエネルギーを有する言語の最小単位である。

2 量子の出現と消滅
 量子は、新しい意味が言語世界へと出現要請されることによって、出現する。要請は言語世界への新しい意味の付加が必要とされたときになされるものである。言語における発話と文字との関係は、発話の先行が一般的であるが、漢語のように、一つの音節が一つの意味を有する言語においては、後出する文字は、発話行為とともに想像上の形態として要請されていたと仮定することも可能であろう。すなわち一つの意味が一つの具体的な識別形態を要請しているのである。この行為は人間の営為として自然なものである。
 言語量子は、言語世界への新しい意味を付加するために、出現する。量子が有するエネルギーは、その新しい意味を言語世界に付加するためのものであり、新しい意味と不可分に結合したものである。
 量子は、その意味が言語世界に不要となったときに消滅する。文例1において「不」は本来は「花のめしべの子房」を意味したが、その実辞としての意味は早くに消滅に、「打ち消し」を意味する虚辞としたのみ、言語世界に機能してきた。
 この「不」で示されたように、実辞と虚辞は漢語において、明瞭に区別されたものではなく、相互の乗り入れや変換が不断に行われてきた。すなわち、上述したように、量子は、当初、言語世界への新しい意味付与のために出現したものである。
当初は陽性量子であった実辞は、言語世界への意味付与の役割を終えるとともに、その運動エネルギーも消滅する。しかし他の量子の運動エネルギーによって、言語世界が構成され改変された痕跡は、他の量子から運動あるいは圧迫を受け続け、運動を受容する量子として、負のエネルギーを付与されて、言語世界に存続することがあると仮定する。こうして陰性量子が出現する。
出現した陰性量子は負のエネルギーを有するため、陽性量子のエネルギーを吸収し、その運動を停止または変更させることとなる。

3 量子の接合と階層
 二つ以上の量子は、互いに接合することによって、新しい構造体を形成する。
 文例1「学而時習之、不亦説乎」によれば、量子の接合は以下のようになる。
 < ℓ+ ℓ- ℓ+ ℓ+ ℓ+ ℓ- ℓ- ℓ+ ℓ->
 ここで、陽性量子は、次の量子まで意味を移動させる。陰性量子は、前の量子の運動エネルギーを吸収し、停止または変更させる。
 「而」と「乎」が陰性量子として、構造体すなわち文を「停止」させる機能を働かせていることは明瞭であるが、「不」と「亦」の二つの陰性量子は、量子の運動の「変更」として機能していると仮定する。
 伝統的な文法によれば、「不」と「亦」は「説」の意味を補完するとされるが、この量子理論では、後ろの量子は前の量子のエネルギーを受け止めるため、従来の説明では処理できない。
 ここで「変更」とは、前の量子の運動の方向を変えさせることである。こうして一つの陽性量子は、その運動が別の軌道に移されることとなる。すなわち、陽性量子はある一つの軌道上で運動をおこなうが、ある種の「変更」陰性量子はその軌道を別の軌道に移し、新しい意味構造体を創出する。
 その軌道は、モデル的には、数階建ての高層建築が想定される。「学んで時に之を習う」という階から、他の異なった階へと移動させる。
ここで「不」は「学んで時に之を習う」ことを否定する階へ移し、「亦」はこの「学んで時に之を習う」ことを新しい可能性の階へと移動させる。「乎」はこの状況に疑問を投げかける階へと移動させる。
この一連の状況をモデル化して図示する。


 ↓而習之
     ↓不
       ↓亦説
          ↓乎

『論語』の有名な一節、「有朋自遠方来」(文例は以下のように図示される。
 有朋
   ↓自遠方来

4 量子と量子集合体の符号化
 量子は初め陽性として出現し、その消滅によって陰性を生じる。陰性量子は陽性量子の群にあっては、無意味であるために非圧迫量子であり、陽性量子としてかつて獲得した意味空間をいわば不断に圧縮され続ける状態にある。こうしてポンプで押し出されるようなエネルギーが陰性量子に蓄えられ、陽性量子の軌道を変更して異なる階層へ移動させることとなると仮定する。
 したがって、この量子理論によれば、漢語のすべての漢字、すなわち意味とエネルギーを有する量子は、次のように符号化することができる。
量子 / /
意味 ℓ
陽性エネルギー  →
陰性エネルギー  ↓

 文例1の「学而時習之、不亦説乎」の符号化は以下のようになる。

/ℓ→/ 
  /ℓ↓/ /ℓ→/ /ℓ→/ /ℓ→/
           /ℓ↓/
             /ℓ↓/ /ℓ→/
                /ℓ↓/
ここで/ℓ→/を数字の1で、/ℓ↓/を数字の0で表すと、「学而時習之、不亦説乎」は101110010と数字化できる。
したがって文例1の「学而時習之、不亦説乎」は[進行5,階層4]の言語量子の構造体であるということができる。これを[move5,class 4]と表記する。
文例2の「有朋自遠方来」は

有朋
  ↓自遠方来

であるから、

/ℓ→/ /ℓ→/ 
    /ℓ↓/ /ℓ→/ /ℓ→/ /ℓ→/

と符号化され、さらに、

110111

と数字化される。その構造は[move5,class1]である。

もう一例『論語』から文例をとる。

「三年無改於父之道、可謂孝矣」(文例3)

/ℓ→/ /ℓ→/ /ℓ→/ /ℓ→/
           /ℓ↓/ /ℓ→/
               /ℓ↓/ /ℓ→/
/ℓ↓/ / ℓ→/ /ℓ→/
/ℓ↓/

111101010110   [move 8,class5]

5 量子群における進行と階層
 量子群である文における、一階層における進行度数を見る。
文例1では、4分の5で0.8度数。文例2では、1分の5で5度数。文例3では5分の8で1.6度数となる。
ここで、一階層進行度数がどのような指標となるかを考察する。
進行度数1とは、文言にあっては、実辞1に対して虚辞1の割合であり、1階層に1意味が存在する最も明瞭な文と考えることができる。
したがって進行度数が1以上となると、1階層に2つ以上の意味が存在することなり、一つの意味を細かく規定してより微細な意味を提示することとなる。
これとは逆に進行度数が1未満となると、1階層において、一つの意味を提示することがなく、2階層以上によって初めて意味の完結をみることとなり、一つの意味の周囲に補足的な意味内容が付加されることによってより構成的な意味が成立することとなる。
 文例1は0.8度数であり、補足的意味が付加された文である。文例2は5度数であり、微細な意味が規定された文である。文例3は1.6度数であり、ほぼ標準的かやや微細な規定が加わった文である。

6 量子理論の基本原理
 量子理論は、伝統的には実辞とされる陽性量子が1階層で進行することが基本である。したがってある種の量子群すなわち文において、陰性量子が冒頭に立つときには、その前に陽性量子または量子群が省略されたと考えることができる。
陰性量子が陽性量子の進行方向に変化を与えて、新しい階層に移行させることは、陰性量子が受けている被圧迫エネルギーによるとしたが、より正確には、以下のように説明できる。
一般に断定の虚辞とされる「也」は、その実辞としての意味は現代においては不分明であり、陽性量子としてはほぼ消滅したと考えることができる。その代わりに陰性量子としての虚辞機能が台頭して現在に至るが、その機能を細分すれば、断定、主題提示、呼びかけ、詠嘆、疑問、反語等の極めて多様である。
たとえば、「回也不愚」(『論語』為政篇)においては、「回」という人物が、(階層が変わり)孔子の心中において、(また階層が変わり)否定される存在であり、(さらに階層が変わり)「おろかものの類」が提示される。」
「階層が変わる」ということは、「回」という人物が、「也」と出現によって実在の人物から、孔子の心中における考察対象へと変換されたことを意味し、さらにその考察対象が「不」によって抹消されることを意味し、さらに新しく「愚」という概念が登場することを意味する。
すなわち陰性量子は、陽性量子が有する言語世界への直接的な意味を行うのではなく、実辞としてはもはや空白となった自らの領域へ、陽性量子を導くjことによって、一種の真空無重力の状態を現前させ、その方位を転換することであると仮定する。その転換に必要とされるエネルギーは、領域が受けている被圧迫のエネルギーから生ずるものと仮定する。 

7 陰性量子の意味
 陰性量子が有する意味は、上述した「也」の意味分類でも明瞭なように、陽性量子の意味よりはるかに精妙な場合が多い。これらの意味はどのようにして出現したと考えることができるか。
 陰性量子が実辞としての機能を消滅させ、一種の真空領域を有していると仮定したが、ここにひとたび断定という意味が成立すると、この「也」に前から接合する陽性量子の意味によって、その真空領域は一定の反応を示すようになる。たとえば「回」のような人名が前に接合すると、「也」は断定的な意味機能の一変容である主題提示として機能することとなる。

8 陰性量子のエネルギー
 陽性量子のエネルギーは、新しい意味を言語世界に付加するために与えられたものであることは、すでに「2 量子の出現と消滅」において記述したが、ここでは陰性量子が有するエネルギーについて詳述する。


---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Note 
22 December 2017

This manuscript was written at a hotel of Hakuba, Nagano, Japan in March 2003, where my family stayed for hot spring and ski. In autumn 2002, I thought of relationship between time and characters inspired by WANG Guowei's paper written on old Chinese character's studies, one of which he declared that character heng 亙 was imaged from a ship coming and going the banks. This character contained the notation of the continuous time of ship operation between the banks.
But if character contain the time going, character seemed to have any existence of inherent energy in it.

Note 2
29 June 2018
Definition of quantum in this manuscript was intuitive while in my mind there was rather precise image that was not able to write by mathematical approach in the days of 2003.
Now the situation has been changed drastically through the development of quantum group. Particularly from the Drinfeld's speech at the international mathematician conference in 1984.
wrote a simple trial paper on quantum group in 2008.
Kac-Moody Lie Algebra Note 2 Quantum Group 2008
Papers related to the pre-thought on quantum group is seen at SRFL Lab.
SRFL Lab's Preparatory paper
Inherent energy in language has been become a little updated after writing in 2003.
Now arranged at the next.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Energy



Tokyo
20 June 2018
Sekinan Zoho


...........................................................................................................................


1-1
Under the Dim Light

TANAKA Akio

I frequently talked with CHINO Eiichi at the coffee shop near the station we used to get on. The shop was at the second floor and the steps upstairs always sounded squeaking. Under the dim light the topics of conversation was on language or linguistics after all. He was already a university professor but I was a poor research student. But he was always showing me the general tenderness.
The subject he gave me was impressive and useful for me, in which the most important is the history of The Linguistic Circle of Prague and the excellent pioneers of language study. He had of course the unique approach to the study but I had never any conspicuous one except boundless interest on the study.
In his wide and precious telling for me I gradually determined my course to proceed. It was the making of basic and radical foundation on natural language by searching the structure of language through simple and clear description. For keeping this difficult aim I had a decision that there was only way to use mathematics that I had abandoned at the past for its hardness.
In my age 20s, I had read Ludwig Wittgenstein and Nicolas Bourbaki in concentrating. I did not clearly understand Wittgenstein's approach. But I borrowed his writing style that was simple and clear. So my early work’s descriptions were nearly at him. But I decided that I never adopted strongly-intuitive thinking.
I always considered mathematical basis or analogy. My aim was the independence from the intuitive description. Keeping on this course, there was seen the mathematical basis that I must adopt the model in which language universals are clearly described. I entered to the mathematical description of study that was confirmed premises of my way.
About
Table


.......................................................................................................................................


1-2
Language, amalgamation of mathematics and physics
TANAKA Akio
2 April 2013
Language will become the urgent agenda of this century. Language will be recognised as the amalgamation of mathematics and physics. Because language is a mathematically designed physical transmission system in human being. This transmission is finite and compact within a human body but infinite and eternal connected with the outer worlds in the universe.
[References]
 Tsugaike Highlands, Nagano. 30 August 2011


..................................................................................................................................................
2-1
Language and I

TANAKA Akio

Sekinan Library has researched on language from 1986 and successively at SRFL from 2003.
Papers and essays that have been written at Sekinan Library and SRFL Sekinan Research Field of Language 
are shown and searched at SRFL Essay and SRFL Paper.
Sekinan Library's main theme is now at language universals that has been a hard target and researched since 1920s at Linguistic Circle of Prague, but the theme had been always put aside from the centre of the study.
In Japan. on Prague School CHINO Eiichi probably first introduced systematically through his direct study experience at Prague between 1958 and 1964.

I first met with him in 1969 at Tokyo, from whom received Russian language lesson at the beginner's small class.
And after some 10 years I again met him in 1979 at his lecture on structural linguistics, to which I listen till till March 1986 when I get apart from the university.

In 1986 I also started to study my own object on language, in which the main theme was language universals by mathematical description, surging from Nicolas Bourbaki, that were already applied to wide and deep approach even at human studies at that time.

For me algebraic geometry was the great aid to deepen the theme, to which from 1920s many researchers have recognised one of the most important but hard to operate with clear description at the field of philology.

In 2003 I narrowly wrote up the trial paper on language's characters, at that time not for total language, but I got the steady way to approach the hard target of language's basis mainly on meaning, through which I faintly could see the final target, language universals.


Tokyo
26 June 2017
Sekinan Library

........................................................................................................................................

3-1
Egyptian Hieroglyph Exhibition
Journey through the Afterlife Ancient Egyptian Book of the Dead by The British Museum 2012


TANAKA Akio
                                        
The British Museum has exhibited The ancient Egypt at Tokyo, titled Journey through the Afterlife Ancient Egyptian Book of the Dead.
The exhibition is excellent, especially total length 37 meters' Greenfield Papyrus is the highlight of the exhibit.
I feel over again that the letters on the papyrus is almost everlasting and my usual thought that the letters are superior than the spoken language which is thought important by Ferdinand Saussure.
Of course I have respected Saussure so much and have read COURS DE LINGUISTIQUE GENERALE time to time.
But the Occidental linguistics has not enough tradition on the ideogram as usual at Chinese characters.
Japan has also succeeded the Chinese tradition and culture. So we have much felt the importance on characters and letters.
Each ideogram has its unique molding technique and coinage ability.
I have very satisfied with the hieroglyph's figures comparison to Chinese characters.
Also refer to the next.
                                                             Tokyo
12 September 2012
Sekinan Research Field of Language



...................................................................................................................................
3-2
Essence of Language
Seeing the exhibition TREASURES OF ANCIENT GREECE, Tokyo National Museum

TANAKA Akio

20 July 2016 I went to see the exhibition A JOURNEY TO THE IMMORTALS: TREASURES OF ANCIENT GREECE being opened at Tokyo National Museum, Ueno,Tokyo.

At the exhibition I first saw Linear A and Linear B.
Exhibition Catalogue numbers are the next.
The numbers 39 and 40 are Linear A. 41 and 77 are Linear B. 

39. Clay juglet
40. Clay bar
41. Clay tablet
77. Linear B bar and tablet

About the two Linear I knew the brief information from the book, THE DECIPHERMENT OF LINEAR B by John Chadwick, Cambridge University Press, 1960.
From the exhibition I also knew still now not to decipher the Linear A.
My simple impression is the next.
If the stability of language exist in the structure, the essence of language is appeared at the letters and characters. So I think. The core of this view contains the view for structure of language, which I would be able to write clearly using mathematics.
For more details, refer to the reference 2.

References
A JOURNEY TO THE IMMORTALS: TREASURES OF ANCIENT GREECE [Exhibition Catalogue]. Tokyo National Museum et al. 2016.
THE DECIPHERMENT OF LINEAR B by John Chadwick, Cambridge University Press, 1960.

Reference 2
Perspective for Derived Category Language.Stability of Language

Reference 3
Derived Category Language, 23 July 2016 Edition


Tokyo
27 July 2016
SekinanLibrary

Read more: https://srfl-paper.webnode.com/news/the-essence-of-language/
...........................................................................................................................................
3-3
Ars longa Seeing Masterpieces of French Landscape Paintings from the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts, Moscow
TANAKA Akio

On 25 May 2018 I went to Tokyo Metropolitan Museum, Ueno, Tokyo to see the exhibition titled French Landscape Paintings from the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts, Moscow.

I have frequently see the modern French paintings represented by the Post-impressionists at the National Western Art Museum,Ueno. But the impression after seeing was pretty different.
The paintings are ranged widely from the 17th to 20th century.  
I felt that the The Russian eyes were effected to collect the paintings. For example, Arcadia and the relevant concepts of it were not so popular in Japan but at Russian collectors paid enough attention to them like the Europeans.

One of the most fantastic works for me was Luigi Loir's Smoke on the Paris Circuit Line ( Paris Suburb).  Floating smoke, Cloudy sky, Two horses and people chatting or coming and going.  
At the moment to see the painting I recalled the famous quotation, Vita brevis, ars longa.
The painting was drawn in 1885, over 130 years ago. But all the landscapes were vivid like the present and probably in future.

Tokyo
27 May 2018
Sekinan Zoho      
The catalogue of the exhibition
French Landscape Paintings from the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts, Moscow

[Note]
6 June 2018
Time and Eternity
When I saw Luigi Loir's Smoke on the Paris Circuit Line ( Paris Suburb), I felt a fresh awareness of time, which was probably came from the vivid smoke floating in the air or the road partly glistered by the rain immediately before. This landscape was filled with time feeling which was coming on and stopped and was going to the future till now. All paintings may contain such a feeling on time. Now I faced a large canvas of Luir, I freshly got the greatness of painting which has a moment and eternity from the 2 dimensional space.
Does this greatness is only in my mind and not out in the outer world? Do I only feel the eternity in my mind? Almost maybe so, but partly maybe not. Time is real and time feeling floating in the panting is also real. Where is the difference between the two ? Time is direct and time in the painting is in direct, which floats via my eyes and mind. The painting gives me the start of time floating. In that case, what is the painting's giving moment? The moment is made from form and colour on the canvas. Thus, direct time has no tool for going on and indirect time has tools, now canvas, paints and brushes. Direct time and indirect time both enters in my body especially in my mind. The two times both floats in my body. I cannot analyse direct time. But indirect time can be analysed using several methods, form analysis, colour analysis and so forth. Language's letter, character and voice also maybe contain moments for making indirect time. Luigi Loir's Smoke on the Paris Circuit Line ( Paris Suburb) gave reconfirmation of a fresh awareness of indirect time's existence.   

[Note 2]
6 June 2018
Research of indirect time
TANAKA Akio

For the research of indirect time now the several tools are prepared for at mine.
Mains are the next.
Overview of the importance and application in the new future is given at the letter to Y., 2018.
This letter is written in Japanese, now not has English version.


For details of research two sites are presented now at SRFL site.
One is from geometrization conjecture started from W.P. Thurston and succeeded by G. Perelman.
The other is from quantum group started from V. G. Drinfel'd.
The two sites are connected through ideogram.
Sekinan Zoho has the invitation to it.
SRFL collection has general relevant information for the present research.

............................................................................................................................................

4-1

The days when I was thinking on Energy Distance Theory
01/02/2016 13:24

q.v. Energy and Distance in Language / 31 August 2008

TANAKA Akio

1.
Around 2008, I was thinking on energy in language related with distance in language. Distance is one of the kernel themes of my study of language universals in those days. In simply saying, distance is the result of movement and for movement there must inevitably needs energy. So I had thought that if language have distance, there must be energy or its alike in language that is supposed in mathematical models. But in my ability in 2008, I could not develop the deep and wide range of language from the theme, energy and distance. So Energy Distance Theory was still now unfinished.

2.
In another approach of my study on language universals, Edward Sapir's Language, 1921 was one of my favourite books between 1970s and early 1980s. In his book, the most fantastic concept for me was Drift, that indicated the vast movement of language system itself. I ever gave brief account on it.

...................................................................................................................


Edward Sapir's Language, 1921 showed me the dynamism of language proposing the concept, drift.
Drift shows us the macro phase of natural language and I was hinted by Sapir's this concept and proposed the micro phase of natural language. The paper "Quantum Theory for Language" is my first total proposal paper describing the natural language's model.

Reference
Substatiality Dedicated SAPIR Edward / 27 February 2005

Tokyo
5 September 2014
Sekinan Research Field of Language
.....................................................................................................................

3.
My language study started from the reading of Old China's Qing dynasty's huge linguistic inheritance, "Xiaoxue", in English Small Study , that is contrary to the name, the most basic and difficult study of classical texts of old China. I particularly loved the books written by WANG Guowei and WANG Yinzhi and DUAN Yucai.
The main book list to which I referred in those days between the age 20s and 40s are shown at the next.

I was especially enchanted with WANG Guowei's work, whose selected papers' title wasGuantangjilin. For him I wrote a short essay as below.

......................................................................................................................

TANAKA Akio

Guantangjilin is the selection of works by WANG Guowei, which contains vast area of history, literature and linguistics. Some people say that his works are a thousand-year peak from the Song era’s philosopher SHU Xi. I bought his book at Haifeng shudian, Kanda, Tokyo in my mid 20s. The date of colophon is February 1973, publisher is Zhonghua shuju Xianggang fenju.

Probably I bought it in 1973 or 1974. In those days I frequently went Haifeng shudian bookshop for buying Chinese classics, mainly Qing Dynasty’s linguistic works that is called ” Xiaoxue”, Small study at China. Guantangjilin is a very difficult book to understand by my poor study result.

His study era is from Yin Dynasty to Qing Dynasty some 2,500 years of Chinese literary history. At his vast works I was especially charmed in Qing Dynasty’s ancient Chinese hieroglyphic characters, Jiaguwenzi by Chinese. After 40 years, in 2003 I wrote a small paper on language universals through this ancient Chinese hieroglyphic characters at the view point of written language.

The title is On Time Property inherent in Characters. From at that time 10 years passed by. Now I am still learning on language universals but its style is far apart from the days 2003 or 1973. Ambiguity of approach by traditional linguistics is not for my part. I dare challenge to a new frontier of description for language study using mathematics or algebraic geometry.

Refer to the next.

Tokyo 
........................................................................................................................

4.
After all,Energy Distance Theory ended in the half-finished situation. But now I am still eager to write and develop the papers on energy and distance. The road is long and winding as ever. I am always accustomed to delay and stagnate. Some rays of light is emitting in the small study room of mine.


Tokyo
19 December 2014
Sekinan Essay

Read more: https://srfl-theory.webnode.com/news/the-days-when-i-was-thinking-on-energy-distance-theory1/

Read more: https://geometrization-language.webnode.com/news/the-days-when-i-was-thinking-on-energy-distance-theory/

.................................................................................................................................

4-2
Thanks to physics through which I ever dreamt in my future

TANAKA Akio

In the days of high school, I deeply dreamt that someday physics would perfectly write over this world's phenomena by the clearest descriptions. So I had longed for studying physics in the future. But I selected language's diverse and wide field at the university, from where returning to the clear description like mathematics needed long and winding road for me. 

Now in my mind language and physics/mathematics are happily living together for constructing the world's main frame. I wonder why I took so much time to reach here. 

Long time ago, at least the days I was strongly influenced by Pascal , philosophy and mathematics were both sides of areas for solving the world's hard problems. It is appropriate that the problems should be solved using all the tools from all the areas, should not be partitioned any artificial walls. 

From now on, philosophy so far may be partially solved by mathematics and mathematics might open to the door of complex phenomena in the world never being written clearly. Now they are surely solved one by one by the researchers and we feel the solutions like those are becoming common sense now. 

Probably only I reached here being delayed. But at last I am now situated in a tranquil field. Thanks so many pioneers who had cultivated difficult problems to the easier states for applying to the different fields. Especially to mathematicians. Also to physicians through whose worlds I ever dreamt in my future.

References:
.......................................................................................................................
4-3
Glitter of youth through philosophy and mathematics in 1970s
In 1970s at Tokyo or in age 20s, there surely exists glitter of youth in my life, now I remember.
In those days, in Japan many fabulous magazines were successively published. Episteme,Toshi(City)、Chugoku(China) and the likes. Especially I loved reading Episteme which had printed many philosophical or philological articles as the form of special issues concentrated important philosopher, thinker and writer. The chief editor of Episteme was NAKANO Mikitaka(1943-2007), probably one of the best editors in the latter half of the 20th century in Japan. The most impressive number was Ludwig Wittgenstein1889-1951), probably in 1977. Also influenced from the issue of Kurt Gödel(1906-1978)who gave me the possibility of set theory and its application.

In my life, Wittgenstein gave the big influence for thinking and writing style, never entering or approaching his essential philosophical themes.After millennium year when I started the regular writing on language universals, my writing style was at first rather resembling in his Tractatus Logico-PhilosophicusMy paper written in 2003, Quantum Theory for Language shows a very imitative style to him. This tendency kept on for some time till I changed to adopt algebraic method for clearer description to the themes.

1970s was a relatively calm time after those university’s revolution in the late 1960s in which I was also compellingly rolled in. In those days I time to time had wandered between library and old book shops seraching my life-time true themes cowardly avoiding the turmoils of university and towns. Blaise Pascal(1623-1662)’s Pansees was my favourite one. One day at Kanda’s Taiwan Chinese book shop Haifeng Shudian, I bought WANG Guowei1877-1927)’s Guantangjilin that clearly opened the new frontier for classical Chinese philology along mainly streamed by Small Study, traditional restrict linguistics in China. Influenced WANG Guowei I trlally wrote a paper titled On Time Property Inherent in Characters2003 by which I began the later start of language study.

In 1970s, I had cherished a dream in which I wanted to use mathematical description and get the essential of language. But I had not any ability to proceed the study for it while I read at random mathematical books. One day I found and bought the amount Nicolas Bourbaki1935-)’s text books at old book shop in Kanda, Tokyo. They were hard to continue reading for my talent in those days. After all, the books were put aside the desk. The only remaining in my mind was adoration to Bourbaki and their brilliant achievement. My return to Bourbaki was long after in 1990s when I again tried the pursuit of language having a clear vision to study language universals according to the Linguistic Circle of Prague, especially aiming to resolve the supposition presented by Sergej Karcevskij1884-1955).

Turning round the past days, my way was always narrow and winding. But it has been kept till now not breaking off in any situations. The way was almost always glittering in my youth days in spite of under the cloudy skies. Probably I have walked happily till now being assisted by many people especially at the field of language, mathematics and the relevant studies.
At random now I remember the dear names, but from whom I never cannot hear their voices. HASEGAWA Hiroshi, CHEN Donghai both Chinese language, KAJIMURA HidekiCHO Shokichi both Korean languageNatary Muravijowa Russian language, ONO Shinobu Chinese literature, MIIYAZAKI Kenzo, FURUTA Hiromu, KONDO Tadayoshi all three Japanese literature, ANDO Tsuguo French poemSAEKI Shoichi Haiku, IKEDA Hiroshi Japanese classical dramaSAITO Kohei sculpture, YAMAGISHI Tokuhei bibliography, NISHI Junzo Chinese philosophy, KAWASAKI Tsuneyuki Buddhism, CHINO Eiichi Russian language, the Linguistic Circle of Prague. At last dear friend of high school days KANEKO Yutaka mathematics and our youth.
Tokyo
6 March 2015
24 March 2018 Text revised and link added
........................................................................................................................
5-1
Ideogram Paper Enlarged Edition
2. Ideogram 2005

.............................................................................................................

5-2
.............................................................................................................

5-3
The Days and The Time
Tokyo
13 August 2018 Arranged
SRFL Lab
...........................................................................................................



5-4
Prague

Tokyo
2 August 2016
30 May 2018 Revised
Sekinan Zoho


............................................................................................

5-5
Pioneer
  1. Bourbaki, Nicolas
  1. Karlgren, Bernhard
  1. Karcevskij, Sergej
  1. Jakobson, Roman
  1. Sapir, Edward 
  1. Saussure, Ferdinand de
  1. WANG Guowei
  1. von Neumann
  1. Wittgenstein, Ludwig




...................................................................................................


5-6
Linear B
From seeing the exhibition TREASURES OF ANCIENT GREECE, Tokyo National Museum, Ueno, Tokyo. 2017

Essence of Language
The Days of Decipherment

Reference
Derived Category Language




.....................................................................................................


7
What is letter?

TANAKA Akio
23 February 2019
ENSILA


1
Provisional definition of Letter, word and sentence.
  1. Letter is immutable.
  2. Letter has an indication.
  3. Letter connects other letters.
  4. Letters are finite.
  5. Connected letters have a new indication, which is called word.
  6. Word connects other words.
  7. Words are infinite.
  8. Connected words have a new indication, which is called sentence.
  9. Sentences are infinite.
2
Letter is assumed to be generated from signal.
Provisional definition of signal.
  1. Signal is immutable.
  2. Signal has energy.
  3. Signal has an indication.
  4. Signal connects other signals.

References
1
What is signal?
Preface, Preparation and Preparation 2 Completed
21 November 2018 - 15 January 2019


......................................................................................................



Tokyo
27 February 2019

              

No comments:

Post a Comment