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Tuesday, 18 March 2025

Clifford Algebra Note 4 Dirac Operator From 3-dimensional Spinor Group to 4-dimensional Spin Manifold

  

Clifford Algebra

 

Note 4

Dirac Operator

From 3-dimensional Spinor Group to 4-dimensional Spin Manifold

 

TANAKA Akio

 

1 <Clifford algebra>

has inner product.

Orthonormal basis of the inner product space     e1, …, en

Algebra generated from e1, …, ehas next relations.

eiej = -ejei  (i  )

(e)2 = -1   (i = 1, …, n )       (1)

The algebra is called n-dimensional Clifford algebra, expressed by Cln.

Clhas vector space generated from ei1eik  against i1 < …<ik

≤ k ≤ n. When k = 0, ei1eik = 1.

2 <Dirac operator>

Differential operator defined over open set of n

γ1  +  +γn  

γiγj = -γjγi  (i  )

(γ)2 = -1   (i = 1, …, n )

D becomes Dirac operator.

3 <Representation space>

Clis presentation space of Cln , for  Cln’s vector space generated from ei1eik  against i1 < …<ik

4 <Exterior algebra>

At (1), now relation is changed to (e)2 = 0   (i = 1, …, n )      (2)

New elation is called exterior algebra, abbreviated to ex.

Exterior algebra’s product is expressed by wedge product .

Vector space of exterior algebra is generated from

ei1eik .     (3)

≤ k ≤ n. When k = 0, ei1eik = 1.

Now 0 ≤ k ≤ n. When k = 0, ei1eik = 1.

Vector subspace generated from (3) against fixed k is expressed by k.

5 <Differential form>

Basis of is expressed by dx1, …, dxn.

k valued function on ex is expressed by the next,

α = αi1,...,αk dxi1, …, dxin.    (4)

(4 ) is called k-dimensional differential form.

6 <exterior differentiation operator, associated operator>

All of k-dimensional differential forms is expressed by Ωk .

Next operators are given against Ωk .

Exterior differentiation operator     d : ΩΩk+1

Associated operator     d* : ΩΩk-1

7 <Spinor group>

Rotation group of 3-dimensional Euclid space     SO ( 3 )

SO ( 3 ) is homeomorphic with 3-dimensional sphere Sthat is called spinor group.

n-dimensional spinor group is expressed by Spin ( n ).

Spinor group has two 2-dimensional complex expression S±.

Sis called plus 2-dimensional spinor.                                                   

Sis called minus 2-dimensional spinor.

8 <Spinor representation>

By Sand SS is expressed to the next.

S S-

9 <Riemann manifold>

Euclid space     2l

Dirac operator is expressed to the next by generating element e.

D = er      (5)

When Euclid space is lifted to oriented Riemann manifold, the condition of 2-dimensional Stiefel Whitney class is defined .

The condition is the next.

w2(TM ) = 0

TM is tangent bundle.

w is vector bundle ξ’s base space B’s Zcoefficient’s cohomology group’s element.

w(ξ Hi Z)  i = 0, 1, 2, …

10 <Spin Riemann manifold >

2l-dimensional spin Riemann manifold     M

Dirac operator     D

Spinor field that satisfies Ds = 0 is called harmonic spinor.

Space given by harmonic spinor     H

From S = S+ + S-

Decomposition H = H+  H-

dim H- dim Hbecomes topological invariant.

The invariant is called index D.

11 <Seiberg-Witten equation>

Oriented compact4-dimensional spin manifold     M

Complex linear bundle over M     L

( 1 ) connection of L is fixed.

Plus spinor bundle     S+

Section of S L     

Seiberg-Witten equation is defined by the next.

DA = 0,  FA+ = [ ∅ ∅- ]+      (6)

Here

DA = 0   Dirac equation

FA+ = 2+      

0 +2S+  S+

0   0-dimensional differential form

2+  Self-dual 2-dimensional differential form  

 

Tokyo January 20, 2008

Sekinan Research Field of Language

www.sekinan.org

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